So sánh 1/2+2/2^2+3/2^3+......+2017/2^2017 với 2
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Giải:
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{2^n}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2^{2017}}\)
Với \(n>2\) thì \(\dfrac{n}{2^n}=\dfrac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n+2}{2^n}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}=\dfrac{n+1}{2^n:2}=\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)}{2^n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n+2}{2^n}\)
\(=\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)}{2^n}-\dfrac{n+2}{2^n}\)
\(=\dfrac{2.\left(n+1\right)-n-2}{2^n}\)
\(=\dfrac{n}{2^n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{2+1}{2^{2-1}}-\dfrac{2+2}{2^2}\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2016+1}{2^{2015}}-\dfrac{2018}{2^{2016}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2017+1}{2^{2016}}-\dfrac{2019}{2^{2017}}\right)\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{2019}{2017}\)
\(S=2-\dfrac{2019}{2017}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=2-\dfrac{2019}{2017}< 2\)
Hay \(S< 2\)
Ta có: \(A=\frac{2^{2017}+2}{2^{2017}+3}=1-\frac{1}{2^{2017}+3}\)
\(B=\frac{2^{2017}+1}{2^{2017}+2}=1-\frac{1}{2^{2017}+2}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{2^{2017}+3}< \frac{1}{2^{2017}+2}\) nên \(1-\frac{1}{2^{2017}+3}>1-\frac{1}{2^{2017}+2}\)
hay A > B
Ta có: \(T=\frac{2}{2^1}+\frac{3}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{2016}{2^{2015}}+\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}\)
=>2T=\(2+\frac32+\cdots+\frac{2016}{2^{2014}}+\frac{2017}{2^{2015}}\)
=>2T-T=\(2+\frac32+\cdots+\frac{2016}{2^{2014}}+\frac{2017}{2^{2015}}-\frac{2}{2^1}-\frac{3}{2^2}-\cdots-\frac{2016}{2^{2015}}-\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}\)
=>T=\(2+\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}-\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\)
=>2A=\(1+\frac12+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
=>2A-A=\(1+\frac12+\cdots+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}-\frac12-\frac{1}{2^2}-\cdots-\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\)
=>\(A=1-\frac{1}{2^{2015}}=\frac{2^{2015}-1}{2^{2015}}\)
Ta có: \(T=2+\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}-\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}\)
\(=2+\frac{2^{2015}-1}{2^{2015}}-\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}=2+\frac{2^{2016}-2-2017}{2^{2016}}=2+1-\frac{2019}{2^{2016}}<3\)
=>T<3
Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+...+\frac{2017}{2^{2017}}\)
2A = \(1+1+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}\)
2A - A = A = \(2-\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\right)-\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}\)
A = \(\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\right)-\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}\)
Đặt B = \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)
2B = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\)
2B - B = B = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{3}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\right)-\frac{2017}{2^{2016}}< \frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=2\)
Vậy A < 2