a: ĐKXĐ: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)<>0\)

=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)<>0\)

=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc<>0\)

=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)<>0\)

=>\(\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)<>0\)

=>\(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2<>0\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}a+b=0\\ b+c=0\\ a+c=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow a=b=c=0\)

=>Để M xác định thì \(a^2+b^2+c^2<>0\)

b: \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left\lbrack a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\right\rbrack+\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)+\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\right)^2\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-ab-ac-bc\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\)

Ta có: \(M=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-ab-ac-bc}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\right)}\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\)

Do a+b+c= 0

<=> a+b= -c 

=> (a+b)²= c² 

Tương tự: (c+a)²= b², (c+b)²= a²   

Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}\)

\(=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ca}+\frac{1}{-2ab}\)

\(=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=0\)

=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca)

=(a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2−ab−ac+c2)−3ab(a+b+c)

=(a+b)3+c3−3ab(a+b+c)

=a3+3ab(a+b)+b3+c3−3abc−3ab(a+b

a3+b3+c3−3abc

c: Ta có: \(a\left(a+2b\right)^3-b\left(2a+b\right)^3\)

\(=a^4+6a^3b+12a^2b^2+8ab^3-8a^3b-12a^2b^2-6ab^3-b^4\)

\(=a^4-2a^3b+2ab^3-b^4\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)\)

Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)

Ta có

$$a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0,$$

hay $$\dfrac{1}{2}\left[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2 +(c-a)^2\right[ = 0.$$

Mà vế trái luôn không âm \(\forall a,b,c \in \mathbb{R}\), đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$

Vậy ta có điều cần chứng minh.

Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)