a.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=3k\\z=4k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(2x+y-z=81\)

\(\Rightarrow2.5k+3k-4k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow9k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow k=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k=45\\y=3k=27\\z=4k=36\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{2}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k\\y=5k\\z=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(5x-y+3z=124\)

\(\Rightarrow5.3k-5k+3.2k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow16k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{31}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k=\dfrac{93}{4}\\y=5k=\dfrac{155}{4}\\z=2k=\dfrac{31}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=5k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(xyz=810\)

\(\Rightarrow2k.3k.5k=810\)

\(\Rightarrow k^3=27\)

\(\Rightarrow k=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=6\\y=3k=9\\z=5k=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

4: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{8-12-15}=\dfrac{38}{-19}=-2\)

Do đó: x=-16; y=-24; z=-30

a: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{x-2y+3z}{2-2\cdot3+3\cdot5}=\dfrac{33}{11}=3\)

Do đó: x=6; y=9; z=15

1: x:y:z=3:5:(-2)

=>\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{-2}\)

mà 5x-y+3z=-16

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{-2}=\frac{5x-y+3z}{5\cdot3-5+3\cdot\left(-2\right)}=\frac{-16}{15-5-6}=\frac{-16}{10-6}=\frac{-16}{4}=-4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-4\cdot3=-12\\ y=-4\cdot5=-20\\ z=\left(-4\right)\cdot\left(-2\right)=8\end{cases}\)

2: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{-3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{-2}=\frac{y}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}\) (1)

\(\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}\)

mà x+y+z=5,2

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{-8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{9}=\frac{x+y+z}{-8+12+9}=\frac{5.2}{13}=0,4\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-8\cdot0,4=-3,2\\ y=12\cdot0,4=4,8\\ z=9\cdot0,4=3,6\end{cases}\)

3: 2x=3y

=>\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{2}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}\)

7z=5y

=>\(\frac{z}{5}=\frac{y}{7}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}\)

mà 3x-7y+5z=30

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{21}=\frac{y}{14}=\frac{z}{10}=\frac{3x-7y+5z}{3\cdot21-7\cdot14+5\cdot10}=\frac{30}{63-98+50}=\frac{30}{63-48}=\frac{30}{15}=2\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot21=42\\ y=2\cdot14=28\\ z=2\cdot10=20\end{cases}\)

4: 3x=4y=5z

=>\(\frac{3x}{60}=\frac{4y}{60}=\frac{5z}{60}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\)

mà x-(y+z)=-21

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}=\frac{x-\left(y+z\right)}{20-\left(15+12\right)}=\frac{-21}{20-\left(27\right)}=\frac{-21}{-7}=3\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=3\cdot20=60\\ y=3\cdot15=45\\ z=3\cdot12=36\end{cases}\)

5: Đặt \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}=k\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x-1=2k\\ y-2=3k\\ z-3=4k\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=2k+1\\ y=3k+2\\ z=4k+3\end{cases}\)

2x+3y-z=50

=>2(2k+1)+3(3k+2)-(4k+3)=50

=>4k+2+9k+6-4k-3=50

=>9k+5=50

=>9k=45

=>k=5

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot5+1=11\\ y=3\cdot5+2=15+2=17\\ z=4\cdot5+3=20+3=23\end{cases}\)

1) \(x:y:z=2:3:4\) ⇒ \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\)

⇒ x=4;y=6;z=8

\(1,\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot2=4\\y=2\cdot3=6\\z=2\cdot4=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2,\) Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{-3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{4x}{8}=\dfrac{3y}{-9}=\dfrac{2z}{8}=\dfrac{4x-3y-2z}{8-\left(-9\right)-8}=\dfrac{81}{9}=9\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot9=18\\y=2\cdot\left(-3\right)=-6\\z=2\cdot4=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(3,4y=3z\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8};\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn

\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{9+6+8}=\dfrac{46}{23}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot9=18\\y=2\cdot6=12\\z=2\cdot8=16\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(4,5x=3y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15};\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{3}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{2x}{18}=\dfrac{3y}{45}=\dfrac{4z}{40}=\dfrac{2x+3y-4z}{18+45-40}=\dfrac{34}{23}\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot9=\dfrac{306}{23}\\y=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot15=\dfrac{510}{23}\\z=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot10=\dfrac{340}{23}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{3x-2y}{5}\)=\(\dfrac{2z-5x}{3}\)=\(\dfrac{5y-3z}{2}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{15x-10y}{25}\)=\(\dfrac{6z-15x}{9}\)=\(\dfrac{10y-6z}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{15x-10y}{25}\)=\(\dfrac{6z-15x}{9}\)=\(\dfrac{10y-6z}{4}\)=\(\dfrac{15x-10y+6z-15x+10y-6z}{25+9+4}\)=0

⇒3x-2y=2z-5x=5y-3z=0

* 3x-2y=0⇒3x=2y⇒\(\dfrac{x}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{y}{3}\) 

* 2z-5x=0⇒2z=5x⇒\(\dfrac{z}{5}\)=\(\dfrac{x}{2}\) 

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{y}{3}\)=\(\dfrac{z}{5}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+5}\)=\(\dfrac{-50}{10}\)=-5

\(\dfrac{x}{2}\)=-5⇒x=-10

\(\dfrac{y}{3}\)=-5⇒y=-15

\(\dfrac{z}{5}\)=-5⇒z=-25

Vậy x=-10;y=-15;z=-25

ohhh

\(\dfrac{4x-3y}{5}=\dfrac{5y-4z}{3}=\dfrac{3z-5x}{4}\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4x-3y}{5}=\dfrac{5y-4z}{3}\\\dfrac{4x-3y}{5}=\dfrac{3z-5x}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\left(4x-3y\right)=5\left(5y-4z\right)\\4\left(4x-3y\right)=5\left(3z-5x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x-9y-25y+20z=0\\16x-12y-15z+25x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x-34y+20z=0\\41x-12y-15z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

mà x-y+z=200 nên ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x-34y+20z=0\\41x-12y-15z=0\\x-y+z=200\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}36x-102y+60z=0\\164x-48y-60z=0\\60x-60y+60z=12000\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}200x-150y=0\\-24x-42y=-12000\\x-y+z=200\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x-3y=0\\4x+7y=2000\\x-y+z=200\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-10y=-2000\\4x-3y=0\\x-y+z=200\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=200\\4x=3y\\x-y+z=200\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=200\\x=\dfrac{3}{4}y=150\\150-200+z=200\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=200\\x=150\\z=250\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: x:y:z=10:3:4

=>\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=\frac{x+2y-3z}{10+2\cdot3-3\cdot4}=\frac{-20}{10+6-12}=\frac{-20}{4}=-5\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-5\cdot10=-50\\ y=-5\cdot3=-15\\ z=-5\cdot4=-20\end{cases}\)

b: \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}\) (1)

\(\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{4}\)

=>\(\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}\)

mà x-y+z=-49

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{12}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=\frac{-49}{7}=-7\)

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-7\cdot10=-70\\ y=-7\cdot15=-105\\ z=-7\cdot12=-84\end{cases}\)

c: Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}=k\)

=>x=2k; y=3k; z=4k

\(xy+z^2=88\)

=>\(2k\cdot3k+\left(4k\right)^2=88\)

=>\(6k^2+16k^2=88\)

=>\(22k^2=88\)

=>\(k^2=4\)

=>k=2 hoặc k=-2

TH1: k=2

=>\(\begin{cases}x=2\cdot2=4\\ y=3\cdot2=6\\ z=4\cdot2=8\end{cases}\)

TH2: k=-2

=>\(\begin{cases}x=-2\cdot2=-4\\ y=-2\cdot3=-6\\ z=-2\cdot4=-8\end{cases}\)

a,Áp sụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{3x-2z}{9-14}=\dfrac{15}{-5}=-3\\\Rightarrow x=-3.3=-9\\ \Rightarrow y=-3.5=-15\\ \Rightarrow z=-3.7=-21 \)

a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{3x}{9}=\dfrac{2z}{14}=\dfrac{3x-2z}{9-14}=\dfrac{15}{-5}=-3\)  (Vì 3x-2z=15)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=-3\\\dfrac{y}{5}=-3\\\dfrac{z}{7}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-9\\y=-15\\z=-21\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...
 

b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{2}=\dfrac{2x}{10}=\dfrac{3y}{9}=\dfrac{2x-3y}{10-9}=\dfrac{100}{1}=100\) (Vì 2x-3y=100)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{5}=100\\\dfrac{y}{3}=100\\\dfrac{z}{2}=100\end{matrix}\right.\)    \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=500\\y=300\\z=200\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...

c) Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{-3}=\dfrac{y}{-5}=\dfrac{z}{-4}=\dfrac{3z}{-12}=\dfrac{2x}{-6}=\dfrac{3z-2x}{\left(-12\right)-\left(-6\right)}=\dfrac{36}{-18}=-2\)                                                         (Vì 3z-2x=36)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{-3}=-2\\\dfrac{y}{-5}=-2\\\dfrac{z}{-4}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)     \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=10\\z=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...