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

Giả sử tam giác ABC có H vừa là trực tâm, vừa là trọng tâm tam giác ABC. Ta phải chứng minh tam giác ABC đều.

Vì H là trọng tâm tam giác ABC nên AD, BE, CF vừa là các đường cao, vừa là các đường trung tuyến trong tam giác.

Suy ra: AF = BF = AE = CE = BD = CD;

\(AD \bot BC; BE \bot AC; CF \bot AB\)

Xét tam giác ADB và tam giác ADC có:

     AD chung

    \(\widehat{ADB}=\widehat{ADC} (=90^0)\)

     BD = CD (D là trung điểm của đoạn thẳng BC).

Vậy \(\Delta ADB = \Delta ADC\)(c.g.c) nên AB = AC ( 2 cạnh tương ứng).

Tương tự, ta cũng được, AC = BC

Xét tam giác ABC có AB = AC = BC nên là tam giác đều.

Vậy tam giác ABC có trực tâm H cũng là trọng tâm của tam giác thì tam giác ABC đều.

Theo định lí Pytago tam giác ABC vuông tại A

\(BC=\sqrt{AB^2+AC^2}=30cm\)

Chu vi tam giác ABC là 

AB + AC + BC = 72 cm

a: A(5;3); B(-2;-1); C(-1;5)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-2-5;-1-3\right)=\left(-7;-4\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-1+2;5+1\right)=\left(1;6\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-1-5;5-3\right)=\left(-6;2\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-7+2\cdot1;-4+2\cdot6\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-5;8\right)\)

=>\(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-6\right)+2\cdot8=30+16=46\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-7-2\cdot1;-4-2\cdot6\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AB}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-9;-16\right)\)

=>\(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-9\right)\cdot1+\left(-16\right)\cdot6=-9-96=-105\)

b: Tọa độ trọng tâm của ΔABC là:

\(\begin{cases}x_{G}=\frac13\cdot\left(x_{A}+x_{B}+x_{C}\right)=\frac13\left(5-2-1\right)=\frac23\\ y_{G}=\frac13\cdot\left(y_{A}+y_{B}+y_{C}\right)=\frac13\cdot\left(3-1+5\right)=\frac13\cdot7=\frac73\end{cases}\)

c: Gọi H(x;y) là trực tâm của ΔABC

=>AH⊥BC và BH⊥AC

=>\(\overrightarrow{AH}\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=0;\overrightarrow{BH}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=0\)

A(5;3); H(x;y); B(-2;-1); C(-1;5)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-6;2\right);\overrightarrow{BH}=\left(x+2;y+1\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BH}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=0\)

=>-6(x+2)+2(y+1)=0

=>-3(x+2)+y+1=0

=>-3x-6+y+1=0

=>y-3x-5=0

=>y=3x+5

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(1;6\right);\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(x-5;y-3\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AH}\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=0\)

=>1(x-5)+6(y-3)=0

=>x-5+6y-18=0

=>x+6y-23=0

=>x+6y=23

=>x+6(3x+5)=23

=>x+18x+30=23

=>19x=-7

=>x=-7/19

=>\(y=3x+5=3\cdot\frac{-7}{19}+5=-\frac{21}{19}+5=\frac{-21+95}{19}=\frac{74}{19}\)

=>H(-7/19;74/19)

d: AH⊥BC

nên AH sẽ đi qua A và AH nhận \(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(1;6\right)\) làm vecto pháp tuyến

Phương trình đường cao AH là:

1(x-5)+6(y-3)=0

=>x-5+6y-18=0

=>x+6y-23=0

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(1;6\right)\)

=>vecto pháp tuyến là (-6;1)

Phương trình BC là:

-6(x+2)+1(y+1)=0

=>-6x-12+y+1=0

=>-6x+y-11=0

=>y=6x+11

x+6y-23=0

=>x+6(6x+11)-23=0

=>x+36x+66-23=0

=>37x=-43

=>\(x=-\frac{43}{37}\)

=>\(y=6x+11=6\cdot\frac{-43}{37}+11=\frac{149}{37}\)

=>Tọa độ chân đường cao kẻ từ A xuống BC là K(-43/37;149/37)

e: \(AB=\sqrt{\left(-7\right)^2+\left(-4\right)^2}=\sqrt{49+16}=\sqrt{65}\)

\(BC=\sqrt{1^2+6^2}=\sqrt{37}\)

\(AC=\sqrt{\left(-6\right)^2+2^2}=\sqrt{40}=2\sqrt{10}\)

Xét ΔABC có \(cosBAC=\frac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2\cdot AB\cdot AC}\)

\(=\frac{65+40-37}{2\cdot\sqrt{65}\cdot2\sqrt{10}}=\frac{68}{4\sqrt{650}}=\frac{17}{\sqrt{650}}\)

=>\(\sin BAC=\sqrt{1-\left(\frac{17}{\sqrt{650}}\right)^2}=\sqrt{1-\frac{289}{650}}=\sqrt{\frac{361}{650}}=\frac{19}{\sqrt{650}}\)

Diện tích tam giác BAC là:

\(S_{ABC}=\frac12\cdot AB\cdot AC\cdot\sin BAC\)

\(=\frac12\cdot\sqrt{65}\cdot2\sqrt{10}\cdot\frac{19}{\sqrt{650}}=19\)

a: A(5;3); B(-2;-1); C(-1;5)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-2-5;-1-3\right)=\left(-7;-4\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-1+2;5+1\right)=\left(1;6\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-1-5;5-3\right)=\left(-6;2\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-7+2\cdot1;-4+2\cdot6\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-5;8\right)\)

=>\(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-6\right)+2\cdot8=30+16=46\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-7-2\cdot1;-4-2\cdot6\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AB}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-9;-16\right)\)

=>\(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-9\right)\cdot1+\left(-16\right)\cdot6=-9-96=-105\)

b: Tọa độ trọng tâm của ΔABC là:

\(\begin{cases}x_{G}=\frac13\cdot\left(x_{A}+x_{B}+x_{C}\right)=\frac13\left(5-2-1\right)=\frac23\\ y_{G}=\frac13\cdot\left(y_{A}+y_{B}+y_{C}\right)=\frac13\cdot\left(3-1+5\right)=\frac13\cdot7=\frac73\end{cases}\)

c: Gọi H(x;y) là trực tâm của ΔABC

=>AH⊥BC và BH⊥AC

=>\(\overrightarrow{AH}\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=0;\overrightarrow{BH}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=0\)

A(5;3); H(x;y); B(-2;-1); C(-1;5)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-6;2\right);\overrightarrow{BH}=\left(x+2;y+1\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BH}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=0\)

=>-6(x+2)+2(y+1)=0

=>-3(x+2)+y+1=0

=>-3x-6+y+1=0

=>y-3x-5=0

=>y=3x+5

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(1;6\right);\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(x-5;y-3\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AH}\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}=0\)

=>1(x-5)+6(y-3)=0

=>x-5+6y-18=0

=>x+6y-23=0

=>x+6y=23

=>x+6(3x+5)=23

=>x+18x+30=23

=>19x=-7

=>x=-7/19

=>\(y=3x+5=3\cdot\frac{-7}{19}+5=-\frac{21}{19}+5=\frac{-21+95}{19}=\frac{74}{19}\)

=>H(-7/19;74/19)

d: AH⊥BC

nên AH sẽ đi qua A và AH nhận \(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(1;6\right)\) làm vecto pháp tuyến

Phương trình đường cao AH là:

1(x-5)+6(y-3)=0

=>x-5+6y-18=0

=>x+6y-23=0

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(1;6\right)\)

=>vecto pháp tuyến là (-6;1)

Phương trình BC là:

-6(x+2)+1(y+1)=0

=>-6x-12+y+1=0

=>-6x+y-11=0

=>y=6x+11

x+6y-23=0

=>x+6(6x+11)-23=0

=>x+36x+66-23=0

=>37x=-43

=>\(x=-\frac{43}{37}\)

=>\(y=6x+11=6\cdot\frac{-43}{37}+11=\frac{149}{37}\)

=>Tọa độ chân đường cao kẻ từ A xuống BC là K(-43/37;149/37)

e: \(AB=\sqrt{\left(-7\right)^2+\left(-4\right)^2}=\sqrt{49+16}=\sqrt{65}\)

\(BC=\sqrt{1^2+6^2}=\sqrt{37}\)

\(AC=\sqrt{\left(-6\right)^2+2^2}=\sqrt{40}=2\sqrt{10}\)

Xét ΔABC có \(cosBAC=\frac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2\cdot AB\cdot AC}\)

\(=\frac{65+40-37}{2\cdot\sqrt{65}\cdot2\sqrt{10}}=\frac{68}{4\sqrt{650}}=\frac{17}{\sqrt{650}}\)

=>\(\sin BAC=\sqrt{1-\left(\frac{17}{\sqrt{650}}\right)^2}=\sqrt{1-\frac{289}{650}}=\sqrt{\frac{361}{650}}=\frac{19}{\sqrt{650}}\)

Diện tích tam giác BAC là:

\(S_{ABC}=\frac12\cdot AB\cdot AC\cdot\sin BAC\)

\(=\frac12\cdot\sqrt{65}\cdot2\sqrt{10}\cdot\frac{19}{\sqrt{650}}=19\)

Gọi trực tâm là H

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(1;1\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(x-2;y-1\right)\)

Theo đề, ta có: (x-2)*1+1(y-1)=0

=>x+y-3=0

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-2;3\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BH}=\left(x+1;y-3\right)\)

Theo đề, ta có; -2(x+1)+3(y-3)=0

=>-2x-2+3y-9=0

=>-2x+3y=11

mà x+y=3

nên x=-2/5; y=17/5

Gọi (C): \(x^2+y^2-2ax-2by+c=0\) là phương trình đường tròn ngoại tiếp ΔABC

Theo đề, ta có hệ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2^2+1^2-4a-2b+c=0\\1+9+2a-6b+c=0\\0^2+4^2+0a-8b+c=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-4a-2b+c=-5\\2a-6b+c=-10\\-8b+c=-16\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>a=7/10; b=23/10; c=12/5

=>x^2+y^2-7/5x-23/5x+12/5=0

=>x^2-2*x*7/10+49/100+y^2-2*x*23/10+529/100=169/50

=>(x-7/10)^2+(y-23/10)^2=169/50

=>R=13/5căn 2

Tam giác ABC đều nên AB = AC = BC.

G là trọng tâm tam giác ABC nên AD, BE, CF là các đường trung tuyến trong tam giác.

Suy ra: AF = BF = AE = CE = BD = CD.

Xét tam giác ADB và tam giác ADC có:

     AB = AC (tam giác ABC đều);

     AD chung

     BD = CD (D là trung điểm của đoạn thẳng BC).

Vậy \(\Delta ADB = \Delta ADC\)(c.c.c) nên \(\widehat {ADB} = \widehat {ADC}\) ( 2 góc tương ứng).

Mà ba điểm B, D, C thẳng hàng nên \(\widehat {ADB} = \widehat {ADC} = 90^\circ \)hay \(AD \bot BC\). (1)

Tương tự ta có:

\(\widehat {AEB} = \widehat {CEB} = 90^\circ \) hay\(BE \bot AC\). (2)

\(\widehat {AFC} = \widehat {BFC} = 90^\circ \) hay\(CF \bot AB\). (3)

Từ (1), (2), (3) suy ra G là giao điểm của ba đường cao AD, BE, CF.

Vậy G cũng là trực tâm của tam giác ABC.

a: A(3;1); B(-1;-1); C(6;0)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-1-3;-1-1\right)=\left(-4;-2\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(6-3;0-1\right)=\left(3;-1\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-4\right)\cdot3-\left(-2\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)=-12-2=-14\)

b: \(cosBAC=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}}{\left|\overrightarrow{AB}\right|\cdot\left|\overrightarrow{AC}\right|}\)

\(=\frac{-14}{\sqrt{\left(-4\right)^2+\left(-2\right)^2}\cdot\sqrt{3^2+\left(-1\right)^2}}=\frac{-14}{\sqrt{20\cdot10}}=-\frac{14}{\sqrt{200}}=\frac{-14}{10\sqrt2}=\frac{-7}{5\sqrt2}\)

=>\(\sin BAC=\sqrt{1-\frac{49}{50}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{50}}=\frac{1}{5\sqrt2}\)

\(AB=\sqrt{\left(-4\right)^2+\left(-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{16+4}=\sqrt{20}=2\sqrt5\)

\(AC=\sqrt{3^2+\left(-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{10}\)

Diện tích tam giác ABC là:

\(S_{ABC}=\frac12\cdot AB\cdot AC\cdot\sin BAC\)

\(=\frac12\cdot2\sqrt5\cdot\sqrt{10}\cdot\frac{1}{5\sqrt2}=\frac{\sqrt{50}}{5\sqrt2}=1\)

c: H là trực tâm của ΔABC

=>BH⊥AC và CH⊥AB

H(x;y); B(-1;-1); C(6;0)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BH}=\left(x+1;y+1\right);\overrightarrow{CH}=\left(x-6;y-0\right)=\left(x-6;y\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-4;-2\right);\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(3;-1\right)\)

BH⊥AC nên \(\overrightarrow{BH}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}=0\)

=>3(x+1)+(-1)(y+1)=0

=>3x+3-y-1=0

=>3x-y+2=0

=>y=3x+2

CH⊥AB nên \(\overrightarrow{CH}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}=0\)

=>-4(x-6)+(-2)y=0

=>-4x+24-2y=0

=>-4x-2y+24=0

=>-2x-y+12=0

=>-2x-3x-2+12=0

=>-5x+10=0

=>-5x=-10

=>x=2

=>y=3x+2=8

=>H(2;8)

d: Tọa độ trọng tâm G là:

\(\begin{cases}x_{G}=\frac13\cdot\left(x_{A}+x_{B}+x_{C}\right)=\frac13\left(3-1+6\right)=\frac13\cdot8=\frac83\\ y_{G}=\frac13\cdot\left(y_{A}+y_{B}+y_{C}\right)=\frac13\cdot\left(1-1+0\right)=0\end{cases}\)

=>G(8/3;0)