Lời giải:
Gọi \(\overrightarrow{d}=(x,y)\). Theo bài ra ta có:

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{d}=4\\ \overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{d}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} -2x+3y=4\\ 4x+y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=\frac{-5}{7}\\ y=\frac{6}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy.......

\(m\overrightarrow{a}=m\left(-1;-2\right)=\left(-m;-2m\right)\)

\(n\overrightarrow{b}=n\left(1;-3\right)=\left(n;-3n\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m\overrightarrow{a}+n\overrightarrow{b}=\left(-m+n;-2m-3n\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-m+n=2\\-2m-3n=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m-n=-2\) (đảo dấu pt đầu là ra, ko cần giải hẳn ra m; n)

a: A(3;1); B(5;3); C(-1;1)

\(AB=\sqrt{\left(5-3\right)^2+\left(3-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{2^2+2^2}=2\sqrt2\)

\(AC=\sqrt{\left(-1-3\right)^2+\left(1-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(-4\right)^2}=4\)

\(BC=\sqrt{\left(-1-5\right)^2+\left(1-3\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(-6\right)^2+\left(-2\right)^2}=2\sqrt{10}\)

=>ΔABC không là tam giác vuông cân

b: M(x;y); A(3;1); B(5;3); C(-1;1)

\(\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(3-x;1-y\right);\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(5-x;3-y\right)\) ; \(\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-1-x;1-y\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{MA}-2\cdot\overrightarrow{MB}+4\cdot\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

=>3-x-2(5-x)+4(-1-x)=0 và 1-y-2(3-y)+4(1-y)=0

=>3-x-10+2x-4-4x=0 và 1-y-6+2y+4-4y=0

=>-3x+11=0 và -3y-1=0

=>-3x=-11 và 3y=-1

=>x=11/3 và y=-1/3

=>M(11/3;-1/3)

\(a,\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(2;10\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-5;5\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-7;-5\right)\)

\(b,\) Thiếu dữ kiện

\(c,Cos\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{\left|2\left(-5\right)+10.5\right|}{\sqrt{2^2+10^2}.\sqrt{\left(-5\right)^2+5^2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{13}}{13}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=56^o18'\)

\(Cos\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\dfrac{\left|2\left(-7\right)+10\left(-5\right)\right|}{\sqrt{2^2+10^2}.\sqrt{\left(-7\right)^2+\left(-5\right)^2}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=43^o9'\)

\(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\dfrac{1\cdot\left(-1\right)+\left(-2\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)}{\sqrt{1^2+2^2}\cdot\sqrt{1^2+3^2}}=\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{10}}=\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{50}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

a: vecto AB=(-7;1)

vecto AC=(1;-3)

vecto BC=(8;-4)

b: \(AB=\sqrt{\left(-7\right)^2+1^2}=5\sqrt{2}\)

\(AC=\sqrt{1^2+\left(-3\right)^2}=\sqrt{10}\)

\(BC=\sqrt{8^2+\left(-4\right)^2}=\sqrt{80}=4\sqrt{5}\)

\(\overrightarrow{u}=2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=2\left(2;-4\right)-\left(-5;3\right)=\left(4;-8\right)-\left(-5;3\right)=\left(9;-11\right)\)