A = -x² + 2xy - 4y² + 2x + 10y - 8

=> -A = x² - 2xy + 4y² - 2x - 10y + 8

          = ( x² - 2xy + y² - 2x + 2y + 1 ) + ( 3y² - 12y + 12 ) - 5

          = [ ( x² - 2xy + y² ) - ( 2x - 2y ) + 1 ] + 3( y² - 4y + 4 ) - 5

          = [ ( x - y )² - 2( x - y ) + 1 ] + 3( y - 2 )² - 5

          = ( x - y - 1 )² + 3( y - 2 )² - 5 ≥ -5 ∀ x, y

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 3 ; y = 2

=> -A ≥ -5

=> A ≤ 5

=> MaxA = 5 <=> x = 3 ; y = 2

B = 2x² + 9y² - 6xy - 6x - 12y + 2004

= ( x² - 6xy + 9y² + 4x - 12y + 4 ) + ( x² - 10x + 25 ) + 1975

= [ ( x² - 6xy + 9y² ) + ( 4x - 12y ) + 4 ] + ( x - 5 )² + 1975

= [ ( x - 3y )² + 2( x - 3y ).2 + 2² ] + ( x - 5 )² + 1975

= ( x - 3y + 2 )² + ( x - 5 )² + 1975 ≥ 1975 ∀ x, y

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 5 ; y = 7/3

=> MinB = 1975 <=> x = 5 ; y = 7/3

Ta có: A = -x² + 2xy - 4y² + 2x + 10y - 8

A = -[x² - 2xy + 4y² - 2x - 10y + 8]

A = -[(x² - 2xy + y²) - 2(x + y) + 1 + 3y² - 12y + 12 - 5]

A = -[(x - y)² - 2(x + y) + 1 + 3(y - 2)²]+ 5

A = -[(x - y - 1)² + 3(y - 2)²] + 5 \(\le\) 5 với mọi x

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - y - 1 = 0 và y + 2 = 0

=>x = -1 và y = -2

Vậy MaxA = 5 khi x = -1 và y = -2

B = 2x² + 9y² - 6xy - 6x - 12y + 2004

B = (x² - 6xy + 9y²) + 4(x - 3y) + 4 + x² - 10x + 25 + 1975

B = (x - 3y + 2)² + (x - 5)² + 1975 \(\ge\)1975

đoạn cuối tt trên

\(6B=-6x^2+12xy-24y^2+12x+60y-48\)

\(=\left(-4x^2+12xy-9y^2\right)+\left(-2x^2+12x\right)+\left(-15y^2+60y\right)-48\)

\(=-\left(2x-3y\right)^2-2\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-15\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+30\)

\(=-\left(2x-3y\right)^2-2\left(x-3\right)^2-15\left(y-2\right)^2+30\le30\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(2x-3y=0;\text{ }x-3=0;\text{ }y-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=3;\text{ }y=2\)

Vậy GTLN của B là \(\frac{30}{8}=5\) tại x = 3; y = 2.

\(C=-x^2+2xy-4y^2+2x+10y-3\)

\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+3y^2+2x+10y-3\)

\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2x-2y+12y-3y^2-3\)

\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x-y\right)-3y^2+12y-3\)

\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x-y\right)-\left(3y^2-12y+12\right)+9\)

\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x-y\right)-3.\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+9\)

Xét \(-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x-y\right)-3.\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+9\le9\)

\(\Rightarrow Max_C=9\)

\(A=-x^2+2xy-4y^2+2x+10y-8\)

\(=-x^2+2xy-y^2-3y^2+2x-2y+12y-12+4\)

\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(2x-2y\right)-1-\left(3y^2-12y+12\right)+5\)

\(=-\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)-1-3\left(y-2\right)^2+5\)

\(=-\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-2\left(x-y\right)+1\right]\)\(-3\left(y-2\right)^2+5\)

\(=-\left(x-y-1\right)^2-3\left(y-2\right)^2+5\)

\(A_{max}=5\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y-1\right)^2=0\\3\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y-1=0\\y=2\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow x-2-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

\(KL:A_{max}=5\Leftrightarrow x=3;y=2\)

Bài 2 :

a) \(P=x^2+y^2+xy+x+y\)

\(2P=2x^2+2y^2+2xy+2x+2y\)

\(2P=x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2+2x+1+y^2+2y+1-2\)

\(2P=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-2\)

\(P=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-2}{2}\)

\(P=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2}{2}-1\le-1\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x+1=0\\y+1=0\end{cases}}\)

Mình nghĩ đề phải là tìm GTLN của \(P=x^2+y^2+xy+x-y\)hoặc đổi dấu x và y thì dấu "=" mới xảy ra đc

@ Phương ơi ! Cái dòng \(P=\)cuối ấy . Chỗ đấy là \(\ge-1\)em nhé!

a) \(x^2+4y^2-6x-4y+10=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(4y^2-4y+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=0\\2y-1=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

b) \(2x^2+y^2+2xy-10x+25=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-10x+25\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-5\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x-5=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=-5\\x=5\end{cases}}\)

c) \(x^2+2xy+4x-4y-2xy+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-4y+5=0\)

Xem lại đề câu c).

a) x² + 4y² - 6x - 4y + 10 = 0

<=> x² - 6x + 9 + 4y² - 4y + 1 = 0

<=> ( x - 3 )² + ( 4y - 1 )² = 0

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=0\\4y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)

b) 2x² + y² + 2xy - 10x + 25 = 0

<=> x² + 2xy + y² + x² - 10x + 25 = 0

<=> ( x + y )² + ( x - 5 )² = 0

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x-5=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x=5\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=-5\\x=5\end{cases}}\)

c) Xem lại đề 

Ta có : \(x^2+2xy-4y^2-2x+10y-8\)

\(=x^2+2.x.\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2-4y^2+10y-8-\left(y-1\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x+y-1\right)^2-5y^2+12y-9\)

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