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Nowadays, pollution is a popular term with everyone in the world and air pollution is one type of pollution. The definition of air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution. There are some main reasons which cause air contamination such as burning of fossil fuels, agricultural activities, exhaust from factories and industries, mining operations, and indoor air pollution. Air pollution always has bad effects on our life. Harmful gases, dust, and smoke enter into the atmosphere and make it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive. We also can see some examples of the result of air contamination which occurs around us as global warming, acid rain, and depletion of ozone layer. The effects of air pollution are alarming, so governments over the world should have suitable policies of protecting the environment, especially air quality to create a clean world for our generation in the future.

Read the passage.

      There are three main (1) ……………… of pollution: air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Air, which is the most important element of our environment for our (2) ……………………, can be polluted in many ways. Smoke in the air from mills, factories and industry (3) …………………… carbon, monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, which are all poisonous gases. This leads (4) …………………… health problems like asthma and lung diseases, and the thinning of the ozone layer, which (5) …………………… us from harmful UV ray. China, the USA, Russia, India, Mexico and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution (6) …………………… Water is also polluted by the discharge of commercial and industrial waste. Sewage in drinking water is another (7) …………………… of water pollution as it contains germs and viruses. The noise of vehicles, mills, and factories can be really unbearable. This kind of constant sound also (8) ……………… headaches, tension, (9) ……..…………  stress and migraines. People living next to a building site where there is too much noise can become sick, as they can not sleep or relax. This is (10) …………………… noise pollution.

Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).

      1.   A. types                       B. kinds                       C. models                    D. both A & B

      2.   A. survival                   B. survive                    C. surviving                 D. survived

      3.   A. includes                  B. include                    C. contains                  D. contain

      4.   A. in                            B. into                         C. to                            D. from

      5.   A. prevents                  B. protects                   C. avoids                     D. hides

      6.   A. emissions                B. emitted                   C. emission                  D. emitting

      7.   A. effect                      B. cause                       C. result                       D. consequence

      8.   A. causes                     B. leads to                   C. results in                 D. all are correct

      9.   A. brain                       B. mind                       C. head                        D. mental

      10. A. told                         B. called                      C. said                         D. mentioned

I. Read and answer the questions

Air pollution

We are nowadays becoming more aware of pollution matters that affect dramatically our lives; especially there is growing concern about air pollution. There are some reasons that lead to this kind of pollution. Firstly, the development of industrial zones, factories and building construction areas is producing a large amount of dust and poisonous air. Especially in the developing countries, people rarely pay their attention to the air treatment process that make the air pollution condition even worse. Secondly, because of the increasing unrbanization, it can be easily seen that there is always a lot of traffic in rush hour and dust one the road these days. The smoke from vehicles and manufacturing exhaust increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the air which makes us feel really hard to breathe. The consequences are very bed. Smog and dust can do serious harm to our health and especially our lungs. We have thousands of asthma and adult respiration distress cases each year which raise concern about the air quality. Moreover, acid rains are becomning more and more popular which damage crops and fields. Many people believe that air pollution is also causing global warming and it is difficult to improve the air without the efforts of all countries around the world.

1. According to the passage, where does a large amount of dust and poisonous air come from?

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2. Do developing countries take the air treatment process into carful consideration?

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3. Why is it difficult for us to breathe when traveling on the roads or streets?

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4. What does the word “urbanization” mean?

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5. Which particular part of our body is seriously affected by smog and dust?

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6. Is it written in the passage that there are milions of cases related to breathing anually?

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7. What is the hramful effect of acid rains?

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8. According to the passage, if all countries in the world ignore the air pollution condition, will it easy to make the air fresher?

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X. Read the passage carefully and do the tasks.
There are many kinds of pollution. Air, water, and land can be polluted. Some pollution is caused by
nature, such as foods, forest fires, and volcanoes. People are the major Cause of pollution. We pollute the
air with our cars, homes, and factories. Smoke from factories and car exhaust makes the air looks gray and
smoggy. Some people cannot go outside when the air is very bad! We pollute the water by dumping
garbage and Chemicals in the water. Plants and animals die because of the pollution in the water. We
pollute the soil with Chemicals and garbage. We harm the land by cutting down trees in the forest,
especially to build roads and new houses without careful planning and thinking.
The only way to save our environment is to think about pollution. How can you stop or limit pollution?
How do we protect our environment? Conservation is one way to protect our environment. Conservation is
the wise use and protection of our environment. We can control water pollution by not producing as much
as waste and by proper disposal of sewage and garbage. We can take care of recreation land by cleaning up,
after ourselves and not causing more pollution. Carpooling and public transportation will help reduce air
pollution.
Recycling is a type of conservation. Recycling is reusing items over again or in a new way. Recycling can
help us conserve our natural resources so they will last many more years. A. Find the word in bold in the
passage that means:
1. the protection of the natural environment ____
2. have a bad effect on something ____
3. a large amount of water covering an, area that usually dry ____
4. sharing a car ride with other people ____
5. waste gases that come out of an engine ____
6. the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty ____
7. get rid of ____
B. Choose the correct answers.
1. According to the passage, pollution________
A. is always caused by humans. B. can only be caused by nature.
C. is mainly caused by humans. D. may sometimes cause natural disasters.
2. What kind of pollution may a car cause?
A. Air pollution B. Water pollution C. Soil pollution D. Light pollution
3. Which of the followings is not an example of soil pollution?
A. Land development B. Waste disposal
C. Pesticide or fertilizer use D. Exhaust from traffic
4. How can we help save our environment?
A. Stop pollution. B. Dump garbage into the river.
C. Drive cars everywhere. D. Cut down trees in the forests.
5. How does recycling help the environment?
A. It expands landfills. B. It saves natural resources.
C. It increases water pollution. D. It causes air pollution.

6. What can we do to help reduce air pollution?
A. Walk or bike B. Carpool to work or school
C. Use public transport D. All of the above
7. What is the main idea of this article?
A.The air is dirty because of cars and factories. B. The soil gets polluted from littering.
C.People cause pollution, but they can also stop or limit it.
D. Conservation is the only way to stop environmental pollution.

I. Read the passage and choose the suitable word to fill in each blank. (1 point)

New York City is (1) _________________ in the southeastern part of New York State, just east of New Jersey. The city was (2) _________________ by the Dutch in 1624. At first it was called Fort Amsterdam, and then New Amsterdam. In 1664, the English took over the city and renamed it New York. With the (3)_________________ of more than 7 million in the city and 19 million in the metropolitan region, New York is the largest city in the United States. It is divided into five parts, which are Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The total area of these parts is 946 square kilometers. Visitors to New York are all (4) _________________ by places such as the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building, Times Square, Wall Street, and Broadway theatre district. New York is also where (5)_________________ can visit some world famous art galleries and museums.

II. Read and answer the questions below. (1 point)

There are two types of air pollution. That is the outdoor air pollution caused by factories, automobiles and biological matter. We most commonly associate air pollution with smog and acid rain. That is of course a problem and you might be surprised how aware children are of the air pollution concerns. However, there is also indoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution causes just as many health problems around the globe as outdoor air pollution. And because many people are not aware of it, they suffer unnecessarily. According to the World Health Organization, 2.4 million people die each year from air pollution and 1.5 million of these deaths are caused by indoor air pollution. Educating young  kids about  air pollution can be an efficient solution to this alarming worldwide issue because it can make them somewhat aware of air pollution. They may have heard about the greenhouse effect, global warming and acid rain. These problems may be  frightening for children to hear. However, children also have the power to make changes both inside their home and globally.

6.      What causes the outdoor air pollution?

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7.      Is indoor air pollution a reason for nearly as many health problems in the world as outdoor one?

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8.      Why do people suffer from the air pollution unnecessarily?

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9.      How many people die every year from air pollution?

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10.  What may make kids frightened if they hear about them?

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bài 1: rewirite the senence use the word in braket 1. there are asthma, allergies and other sespiratory sllnesses whenthe air pollution happens (leads to) 2. a quatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution (because of ) 3. people use too much herbicide to trecit weeds , so water in rivers, canale, lakes are extremely polluted and has bad effects people's health ( because ) 4. many fish in the river die due to the in creased temperature of water ( because ) 5. because plastic bags take long to decompose , nearly allgthem still exist is the environment today ( so ) 6. we are unable to see the stars in the sky . light pollution occurs ( makes )

PART 1: READING

II. Read and answer the questions below. (1 point)

There are two types of air pollution. That is the outdoor air pollution caused by factories, automobiles and biological matter. We most commonly associate air pollution with smog and acid rain. That is of course a problem and you might be surprised how aware children are of the air pollution concerns. However, there is also indoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution causes just as many health problems around the globe as outdoor air pollution. And because many people are not aware of it, they suffer unnecessarily. According to the World Health Organization, 2.4 million people die each year from air pollution and 1.5 million of these deaths are caused by indoor air pollution. Educating young kids about air pollution can be an efficient solution to this alarming worldwide issue because it can make them somewhat aware of air pollution. They may have heard about the greenhouse effect, global warming and acid rain. These problems may be frightening for children to hear. However, children also have the power to make changes both inside their home and globally.

6. What causes the outdoor air pollution?

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7. Is indoor air pollution a reason for nearly as many health problems in the world as outdoor one?

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8. Why do people suffer from the air pollution unnecessarily?

________________________________________________________________________________

9. How many people die every year from air pollution?

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10. What may make kids frightened if they hear about them?

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PART 2: LANGUAGE FOCUS

III. Put these words into the correct column according to their stress pattern. (2,4 POINTS)

II. Read the passage and complete the sentences. True (T) or false (F).

Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Motor vehicles, factories and other sources create so much air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the people who live in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways. These wastes kill fish and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have difficulties in disposing of their garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it are quickly filling up. Citizens, governments, industries, scientists, and business people must work together in different ways to gradually reduce pollution. For example, most cities have introduced recycling programmes.

¨ 1. Motor vehicles and factories are among some sources of air pollution.

¨ 2. Air pollution doesn’t endanger people’s health in some cities.

¨ 3. Air pollution is the only problem of the environment mentioned in this passage.

¨ 4. Garbage disposal is a problem in many large cities.

¨ 5. Everyone must cooperate to reduce pollution.

¨ 6. We can reduce pollution by recycling programmes only.

Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air. People produce most of the wastes that cause air pollution. Such wastes can be in the form of gases or particles of solid or liquid matter. These substances result chiefly from burning fuel to power motor vehicles and to heat buildings. Industrial processes and the burning of garbage also contribute to air pollution. Besides, there are other polluting substances that exist naturally into the air. They include dust, soil particles, and naturally occurring gases.        

The rapid growth of population, industry and the increasing use of automobiles and airplanes have made air pollution a serious problem. The air we breathe has become so filled with pollutants that it can cause health problems. It also harms plants, animals, building materials, and fabrics.

Answer True or False

1.All of the wastes that people produce cause air pollution.                                                      _________

2.Soil participles are natural pollutants.                                                                                       ________

3.Polluted air has a harmful influence on people, plants and animals.                                        ________

4.Air pollution has become a serious problem due to the increasing population and industry.   ________

Choose the best answer

5. The word “they” in line 5 refers to:                                                                                         ________

A. motor vehicles        B. natural pollutants    C. Industrial processes            D. buildings

6. What does not contribute to air pollution?                                                                               _______

A. The burning of garbage      B. industrial processes           

C. motor vehicles                    D. the natural existence of oxygen in the air