Xét ΔABC có \(\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}=180^0\)

=>\(\widehat{C}=180^0-30^0-50^0=100^0\)

Xét ΔABC có \(\dfrac{AB}{sinC}=\dfrac{AC}{sinB}\)

=>\(\dfrac{AC}{sin50}=\dfrac{7}{sin100}\)

=>\(AC=7\cdot\dfrac{sin50}{sin100}\simeq5,45\)

Diện tích tam giác ACB là:

\(S_{ABC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot AB\cdot AC\cdot sinBAC\)

\(\dfrac{\simeq1}{2}\cdot7\cdot5,45\cdot sin30\simeq9,54\left(đvdt\right)\)

Tham khảo:

a) Áp dụng hệ quả của định lí cosin, ta có:

 \(\begin{array}{l}\cos A = \frac{{{b^2} + {c^2} - {a^2}}}{{2bc}};\cos B = \frac{{{a^2} + {c^2} - {b^2}}}{{2ac}}\\ \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\cos A = \frac{{{{10}^2} + {{13}^2} - {8^2}}}{{2.10.13}} = \frac{{41}}{{52}} > 0;\\\cos B = \frac{{{8^2} + {{13}^2} - {{10}^2}}}{{2.8.13}} = \frac{{133}}{{208}} > 0\\\cos C = \frac{{{8^2} + {{10}^2} - {{13}^2}}}{{2.8.10}} =  - \frac{1}{{32}} < 0\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

\( \Rightarrow \widehat C \approx 91,{79^ \circ } > {90^ \circ }\), tam giác ABC có góc C tù.

b) 

+) Áp dụng định lí cosin trong tam giác ACM, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}A{M^2} = A{C^2} + C{M^2} - 2.AC.CM.\cos C\\ \Leftrightarrow A{M^2} = {8^2} + {5^2} - 2.8.5.\left( { - \frac{1}{{32}}} \right) = 91,5\\ \Rightarrow AM \approx 9,57\end{array}\)

+) Ta có: \(p = \frac{{8 + 10 + 13}}{2} = 15,5\).

Áp dụng công thức heron, ta có: \(S = \sqrt {p(p - a)(p - b)(p - c)}  = \sqrt {15,5.(15,5 - 8).(15,5 - 10).(15,5 - 13)}  \approx 40\)

+) Áp dụng định lí sin, ta có:

\(\frac{c}{{\sin C}} = 2R \Rightarrow R = \frac{c}{{2\sin C}} = \frac{{13}}{{2.\sin 91,{{79}^ \circ }}} \approx 6,5\)

c) 

Ta có: \(\widehat {BCD} = {180^ \circ } - 91,{79^ \circ } = 88,{21^ \circ }\); \(CD = AC = 8\)

Áp dụng định lí cosin trong tam giác BCD, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}B{D^2} = C{D^2} + C{B^2} - 2.CD.CB.\cos \widehat {BCD}\\ \Leftrightarrow B{D^2} = {8^2} + {10^2} - 2.8.10.\cos 88,{21^ \circ } \approx 159\\ \Rightarrow BD \approx 12,6\end{array}\)

Đặt \(p=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)

=>a+b+c=2p

=>a+b-c=2p-2c

=>a+b-c=2(p-c)

Ta có: a+b+c=2p

=>a-b+c=2p-2b

=>a-b+c=2(p-b)

Ta có: a+b+c=2p

=>b+c-a=2p-2a

=>b+c-a=2(p-a)

\(S=\frac14\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\)

=>\(S=\frac14\cdot2\left(p-c\right)\cdot2\cdot\left(p-b\right)=\left(p-c\right)\left(p-b\right)\) (1)

Vì S là diện tích tam giác ABC và p là nửa chu vi của tam giác ABC

nên \(S_{ABC}=\sqrt{p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}\)

=>\(\sqrt{p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-c\right)\left(p-b\right)}=\left(p-c\right)\left(p-b\right)\)

=>\(p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-c\right)\left(p-b\right)=\left(p-c\right)^2\left(p-b\right)^2\)

=>p(p-a)=(p-c)(p-b)

=>\(2p\cdot2\left(p-a\right)=2\left(p-c\right)\cdot2\cdot\left(p-b\right)\)

=>(a+b+c)(b+c-a)=(a+b-c)(a-b+c)

=>\(\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2=a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\)

=>\(\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=2a^2\)

=>\(2a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2+b^2-2bc+c^2=2b^2+2c^2\)

=>\(a^2=b^2+c^2\)

=>ΔABC vuông tại A

=>\(\hat{BAC}=90^0\)

\(cosA=\dfrac{AB^2+AC^2-BC^2}{2AB.AC}=-\dfrac{1}{32}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\approx92^0\)

\(p=\dfrac{AB+AC+BC}{2}=\dfrac{31}{2}\)

\(S_{ABC}=\sqrt{p\left(p-AB\right)\left(p-AC\right)\left(p-BC\right)}\simeq40\)

\(r=\dfrac{S}{p}=\dfrac{80}{31}\)

Bài 2:

Xét ΔABC có \(cosB=\frac{BA^2+BC^2-AC^2}{2\cdot BA\cdot BC}\)

\(=\frac{8^2+10^2-9^2}{2\cdot8\cdot10}=\frac{64+100-81}{16\cdot10}=\frac{83}{160}\)

Xét ΔBAM có \(cosB=\frac{BA^2+BM^2-AM^2}{2\cdot BA\cdot BM}\)

=>\(\frac{8^2+7^2-AM^2}{2\cdot8\cdot7}=\frac{83}{160}\)

=>\(64+49-AM^2=\frac{83}{160}\cdot16\cdot7=83\cdot\frac{7}{10}=58,1\)

=>\(AM^2=64+49-58,1=54,9\)

=>\(AM=\sqrt{54,9}\)

\(p=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=15\)

\(S=\sqrt{p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}=\sqrt{15\left(15-8\right)\left(15-10\right)\left(15-12\right)}=15\sqrt{7}\)

\(cosA=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{10^2+12^2-8^2}{2.10.12}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Rightarrow A\approx41^024'\)

Áp dụng định lý hàm cosin:

\(b=\sqrt{a^2+c^2-2ac.cosB}=7\)

Diện tích:

\(S_{ABC}=\dfrac{1}{2}ac.sinB=10\sqrt{3}\)