I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with a suitable word.

About two hundred years ago, man lived ....................... (1) greater harmony with his environment ....................... (2) industry was not much developed. Today the situation is quite ....................... (3). People all over the world are worried about what is happening to the ....................... (4), because of modern industry and the need for more and more energy. Newspapers and magazines ....................... (5) about water pollution, air pollution, and land pollution.

Why is there so much discussion about ....................... (6)? After all, people have been polluting the world ....................... (7) them for thousands and thousands of years. But in the ....................... (8), there were not ....................... (9) people and there was lots of room in the world so people could move to another place ....................... (10) their settlements became dirty.

Now, however, many parts of the world are ....................... (11). People live in big cities and much of our waste, especially ....................... (12) from factories, electric power stations, the chemical industry and heavy industry ....................... (13) very dangerous. Fish die in the lakes, rivers, and seas; forest trees die too. Much of this ....................... (14) waste goes into the air and is carried by the ....................... (15) for great distances.

The family in Britain is changing. The once typical British family headed by two parents has undergone substantial changes during the twentieth century. In particular there has been a rise in the number of single-person households, which increased from 18 to 29 per cent of all households between 1971 and 2002. By the year 2020, it is estimated that there will be more single people than married people. Fifty years ago this would have been socially unacceptable in Britain.

In the past, people got married and stayed married. Divorce was very difficult, expensive and took a long time. Today, people's views on marriage are changing. Many couples, mostly in their twenties or thirties, live together (cohabit) without getting married. Only about 60% of these couples will eventually get married.

In the past, people married before they had children, but now about 40% of children in Britain are born to unmarried (cohabiting) parents. In 2000, around a quarter of unmarried people between the ages of 16 and 59 were cohabiting in Great Britain. Cohabiting couples are also starting families without first being married. Before 1960 this was very unusual, but in 2001 around 23 per cent of births in the UK were to cohabiting couples.

People are generally getting married at a later age now and many women do not want to have children immediately. They prefer to concentrate on their jobs and put off having a baby until late thirties.

The number of single-parent families is increasing. This is mainly due to more marriages ending in divorce, but some women are also choosing to have children as lone parents without being married.

1: which of the following could be the best title forr the passage ?

A. changing vuales and norms of the british family

B. changes inn marriage among british young generations

C. changing insights into and ideas of the british family

D. changes in viewpoints and lifestyles of british couples

2: the word WHICH in the passage refers to ....

A. the family in britain

B. substantial changes

C. typical british family

D. single-parent household

3: which of the following is NOT true according to the passage

A. in the past british people had to pay a lot if they wanted to get divorced

B. half of the children in britain now are born to unmarried couples

C. women in britain now do not want to have children right after marriage

D. there are more and more single - parent families in britain these days

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blank.

There can be no doubt (32) ____ that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (33) ____ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (34) ____ their computers?

Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, (35) ____ in some game, instead of doing their homework, then soothing is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (36) ____ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (37) ____ that it won't interfere with homework. If the child is not holding to this arrangement, the parents can take more drastic steps. (38) ____ with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behavior.

Any parent who is seriously alarmed about a child's behavior should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (39) ____ affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (40) ____ crazy about using the Internet, he or she is probably just (41) ____ through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!

32. A. at least B. at all C. at length D. at most

33. A. reluctant B. concerned C. curious D. hopeful

34. A. watching B. glancing at C. glimpsing at D. staring at

35. A. puzzled B. absorbed C. interested D. occupied

36. A. cause B. take C. make D. create

37. A. word B. promise C. vow D. claim

38. A. Agreeing B. Dealing C. Talking D. Complaining

39. A. possibly B. unlikely C. probably D. necessarily

40. A. absolutely B. more C. enough D. a lot

41. A. going B. experiencing C. travelling D. walking

Frogs are amphibians, meaning that they can live both in and out of the water. All frogs lay their eggs in the water, and a female frog will lay thousands of eggs at a time. When the eggs hatch, (1)_____ come out are not frogs but rather tadpoles. Unlike frogs, tadpoles must spend all their time in the (2)_____, being unable to breathe air at this point. Tadpoles also lack arms and legs, and have a tail which they (3)_____ as they develop into frogs. Tadpoles are herbivours, which means that they only eat (4)_____. Specially, tadpoles eat algae, a water plant which can be harmful if there is too much of it. (5)_____, tadpoles are important to keep most ponds healthy.

As tadpoles develop into mature frogs, they develop the lungs which allow them to (6)______ air, and the arms and legs which allow them to move across (7)_____. At this point the mature frogs leave the ponds, (8)_____ some species stay near the water for their entire lives. Mature frogs are carnivores, (9)_____ insects and small fish. Most frogs hunt using their long, sticky tongueto catch their prey. Some species of frogs have developed extremely strong poisons to defend (10)_____ from their other animals.

• The countryside is a beautiful
• It is qiuet and life here is very slow and easy
• People plant vegetables and raise cattle themselves.So the food is very fresh here
• The people are friendly
• We can drive bikes on street comfortable because there's much heavy traffic
• It don't have any parks or movie theater

• There are any places for entertainment.
• People can relax by going to the zoo,playing,games,...
• Children in the city have change to learn more because the education is good
• There are many kinds of foods here and they are delicious
• But people are unfriendly
• He city is noisy and plutted air
• Tall buildings

 Scientists are now looking for cheaper way to use solar energy to heat air and water. Many buildings are using solar energy to heat their water now. Solar unit on the roofs of buildings collect the energy and use it to heat water. Although these units are still very expensive, more and more people are buying solar hot water heaters. Universities and colleges give solar energy courses where students learn to build their own solar collectors. They are also many books that explain the construction of solar collectors. In the future, there will be more and more solar collectors, especially in the sunny desert areas of the world.

46. What are the scientists doing now?_____________________

47. Are solar units cheap or expensive? ______________________

48. Where do students learn to build their own solar collectors __________

49. Do you think solar energy is expensive__________________

50. Why do(n’t) you think so? _____________________________

SIBLINGS
When we are children, our sibling - that is, our brothers and sisters - are our first friends and first
enemies. At the end of life, they are often our oldest friends and oldest enemies. The effect of sibling relationships in childhood can last a lifetime. Many experts say that the relationship among brothers and sisters explains a great deal about family life, especially today when brothers and sisters often spend more time with one another than with their parents.

Studies have shown that sibling relationships between sister-sister pairs and brother-brother pairs are different. Sister pairs are the closest. Brothers are the most competitive. Sisters are usually more supportive of each other. They are more talkative, frank, and better at expressing themselves and sharing their feelings. On the other hand, brothers are usually more competitive with each other.
Experts agree that the relationship among siblings is influenced by many factors. For example, studies have shown that both brothers and sisters become more competitive and aggressive when their parents treat them even a little bit differently from one another. But parental treatment is not the only factor. Genetics, gender, life events, people, and experiences outside the family all shape the lives of siblings. Recently, one researcher demonstrated another factor: in sibling relationships. It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they respond to arguments by taking sides - supporting one sibling and punishing the other.

Question 7: What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. Sibling relationships are among the most important relationships in life.
B. Siblings are our oldest enemies in life.
C. Some siblings have good relationships, but other siblings have bad relationships.
D. Siblings are our oldest friends in life.
Question 8: What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Brothers usually tend to be competitive with sisters.
B. Siblings spend a lot of time together because they have to.
C. Females and males generally have different sibling relationships.
D. Sisters get along better with their sisters than with their brothers.
Question 9: What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Siblings often support or punish one of their brothers or sisters in an argument.
B. There are many causes of good and bad sibling relationships.
C. Research has shown that siblings hate to fight.
D. Siblings are often indifferent to their parental treatment.
Question 10: Which of the following is NOT true about siblings?
A. Brothers are more talkative than sisters.
B. Sister-sister pairs are the closest.
C. Brother-brother pairs are the most competitive.
D. Sibling relationships between sister-sister pairs and, brother-brother pairs are different.
Question 11: Which of the following is true about siblings?
A. Parental treatment is the only factor that influences the, relationships among siblings.
B. The relationship among brothers and sisters-explains a lot about family life.
C. Children avoid arguments that their siblings have.
D. Genetics and gender don't impact on the lives of siblings.
Question 12: The word "sibling" is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. the whole family B. brothers C. sisters D. brothers and sisters
Question 13: The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to _______________.
A. siblings B. sisters C. relationships D. brothers
Question 14: The relationship among siblings is_______________.
A. competitive B. only influenced by personality C. influenced by many factors D. aggressive

Read the following passage and answer the questions below

Today is the first day of the new school year. Behind the school gate everything looks bright and clean. The smell of fresh paint greets all the students in their uniforms. Most of them have already known one another quite well. However, there are some newcomers. Some of the old students gather in small group and talk to one another in the school yard. Others are eager to help the newcomers. It’s difficult for newcomers to make friends and get into games in a new school. Sometimes they do not know the new regulations so they talk or do things differently. All the students look eager to start the new school year.

Questions:

How does everything look on the first day of the new school year?

…………………………………………………………………………………

Are all the students in their uniforms?

…………………………………………………………………………………

What do some of the old students do in the school yard?

…………………………………………………………………………………

Why do newcomers sometimes talk or do things differently?

…………………………………………………………………………………

What do the students look like?

…………………………………………………………………………………