Bài 1:
1. His car needs.....................

A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed

2. Her watch needs...............

A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B

3. My mother is going..........this house

A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell

4. There's somebody behind us. I think we are...........

A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following

5. Have you...........by a dog?

A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit

6. The room is being.........at the moment

A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean

7. It.......that the strik will en soon

A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected

8. It is........that many people are homeless after the floods

A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting

9. He was said..........this building

A. designing B. to have designed C. to desgin D. designed

10. Ted........by a bee while he was sitting in the gardern

A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung

(MONG MỌI NGƯỜI GIÚP MÌNH)

1 we can not have our car now ,................................. at the garage a it's still being repalred b it's still repairing c it's still repaired d it's still being repairing 2 john .......................you when he has finished the report a was calling b was being called c will call d will be called 3 the house .................... six decades ago a was built b was building c will be built d was to be built 4 the building ...................... a is being demolished b is demolishing c has demolished d been demolished 5 while i ...................... this morning , i met jane a shop b shopping c was shopping d am shopping 6 wait here until i ....................you a am calling b am going to call c call d will call 7 this room ....................... for ages a has not used b has not been used c has not used d has not been used 8 i am like to have my shoes .................at once a repair b repairing c repaied d being repaired 9 i am going to have my house ........................this weekend a is redecorated b redecorated c will be redecorated d redecorate 10 my shoes need ......................... a to clean b cleaning c to be cleaned d b and c 11 pupils are made ...................hard at school a work b to work c working d worked 12 the factory is said .............................. in a fire two years ago a being destroyed b to have been destroyed c to have destroyed d to destroy

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer: 1 . "Those eggs of different colors _____ in Russia ". a. were painted b. were paint c. were painting d. painted 2. All flights _____ because of fog. a. is cancelled b. was cancelled c. were cancelled d. served 3 . The dinner _____ in the dinning room. a. is serving b. serves c. is being served d. served 4. I _____ listening and speaking. a. is being taught b. am being taught c. are being taught d. has taught 5. Gold_____ in California in the nineteenth century. a. was discovered b. has been discovered c. was discover d. they discovered 6. "Where's the old chicken coop?" "It_____ by a windstorm last year." a. destroy b. is destroyed c. was destroyed d. destroyed 7. "We're still looking for Thomas". " He hasn’t _____ yet?". a. been found b. to find c. found d. being found 8. All planes_____ before departure. a. will checked b. will has checked c. will be checked d. will been checked 9 . Diana _____ since she was four. a. has been dancing b. has been danced c. is dancing d. was danced 10. This room _____ by me every day a. was cleaned b. has cleaned c. cleaned d. is cleaned Exercise 2: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động. 1. The waiter brings me this dish. 2. Our friends send these postcards to us. 3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week. 4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother. 5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent. 6. Jim baked this cake yesterday. 7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year. 8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer. 9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter. 10. Nam has just sent the Christmas cards to his family. 11. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting. 12. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow. 13. They keep this room tidy all the time. 14. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers. 15. They are moving the fridge into the living room now

A. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence

1. “What a beautiful shirt you’re wearing!” - “Thank you! It ……. especially for me by my mother.”

A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made

2. I don’t understand why the students didn’t keep silent while the speech…….

A. has been made B. was made C. would be made D. was being made

3. This is the first time I have been thiscar. Where..............?

A. did it make B. did it made C. was it make D. Was it made

4. Today, many serious childhood diseases............by early immunization.

A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented

5. Whole-grain food products..........in most large supermarkets across the United States and Canada.

A. now can purchase B. can now be purchased C. now to purchase D. the purchase ofwhich

6. All that rubbish will have to be ......... at once.

A. get rid of B. got rid of C. got rid D. getting rid of

7. “What happened to thepostman?” “He ......... to a new town to work.”

A. has sent B. was send C. was sent D. sent

8. Excuse me. Isthis seat .............?

A. taking B. took C. occupy D. taken

9. There’s somebody walking behind us. I think……….

A. we are following B. We are being followed C. We are followed D. We are being following

10. We’re late. The film…… by the time we get to the cinema.

A. will already start B. will be already started C. will already have started D. will be starting

11. I still can not believe it. My bicycle..........Some minutes ago.

A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole

12. Some funny situations ............. in class yesterday.

A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened

13. The child’s arm was swollenbecause he...........by a bee.

A. stung B. had stung C. had been stung D. had being stung

14. I….... with you on that subject. A. am agree B. am agreed C. agreeing D. agree

15. Many US automobiles........... in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing

16. When I came, an experiment……in the lab.

A. was being holding B. has been held C. was being held D. has held

17. George is............ Lisa

A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to

18. Last night a tornado swept throughRockville. It.........everything in its path.

A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed

19. Dynamite ............... by Alfred Bernard Nobel.

A. have been invented B. invented C. was invented D. was being invented

20………..this work ...........before you went to Moscow?

A. will/have been done B. Has/been done C. will/be done D. had/been done

21. If you..........about it, will you be able to answer?

A. are asked B. ask C. will be asked D. asked

22. Do you believe that such a problem can..............?

A. solve B. be solving C. is solved D. be solved

23. “Can’t we do something about the situation?” – “Something......right now.”

A. is doing B. is do C. is being done D. has been doing

24. The university ............... by private funds as well as by tuition income.

A. is supported B. supports C. is supporting D. has supported

25. This picture.............by Johnny when I came.

A. painted B. was painted C. was being painted D. had been painted

26. It must..............without delay.

A. do B. have been done C. be doing D. be done

27. This exercise may ................. with a pencil.

A. be written B. to be write C. be writing D. write

28. The money ………to him 2 months ago, but it ......... back yet.

A. Was lent/had not been given B. has been lent/was notgiven C. was lent/has not given D. was lent/has not been given

29. She could easily ..............for a top model.

A. mistaken B. have mistaken C. been mistaken D. be mistaken

30. My shirt .........by my sister on my last birthday.

A. gave B. was given C. had been given D. was being given

TEST 13

I- Choose the best answer:

1. Please wait for while. The manager ....... busy now. He ....... to one of the staff.

A. is/ talks B. has been/ talks C. is/ is talking D. was/ is talking

2. Where ......., Tom?

A. are you going B. you are going C. you going D. do you go

3. We ....... the town at about four o'clock yesterday.

A. was leaving B. left C. leave D. had left

4. She ....... some cakes.

A. just eats B. has just ate C. just has eaten D. has just eaten

5. If there ...... your help, I wouldn't succeed in my work.

A. wasn't B. wouldn't be C. were D. weren't

6. If I ....... you, I would help her with money.

A. am B. was C. were D. had been

7. I met her while she ....... to her office.

A. drove B. drives C. was drove D. was driving

8. My father ....... in that factory since last year.

A. is working B. was working C. worked D. has been working

9. When he comes, I ...... you.

A. phone B. would phone C. will phone D. am going to phone

10. I always read the newspaper while I ....... for the bus.

A. am waiting B. wait C. will wait D. was waiting

11. She ....... her homework.

A. already did B. already done C. always has done D. has already done

12. If it ....... fine tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.

A. will be B. is C. was D. be

23. His boss made him give up the job.

A. He was made giving up the job by his job. B. He was made to give up the job by his boss.

C. He was made to be given up by his boss. D. The job was made to be given up by his job.

14. My mother is feeding the fowls.

A. The fowls are going to be fed by my mother. B. My mother is having the fowls fed.

C. The fowls are fed by my mother. D. The fowls are being fed by my mother.

15. They are going to open a new school in the city.

A. A new school is being opened in the city. B. A new school is going to open in the city.

C. A new school is going to be opened in the city. D. They are going to have a new school opened.

16. He'd rather ...... up late tonight.

A. stay not B. doesn't stay C. stayed D. not stay

17. The ...... I get to know you, the ....... I understand.

A. most/ least B. more/ least C. more/ less D. much/ less

18. The man went back to the town ....... he was born.

A. which B. where C. that D. who

19. This is the color TV ....... I bought yesterday.

A. which B. who C. whose D. whom

20. The days ....... I lived far from my family were the saddest ones.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

21. Children should have a short rest ....... noon.

A. on B. in C. at D. for

22. He was born ....... a small village not far from the city.

A. at B. in C. on D. with

23. He was very angry ....... his lazy students.

A. for B. about C. with D. at

24. Rice is ....... on the farm.

A. grow B. grew C. growed D. grown

25. Nowadays, English ....... widely all over the world.

A. speaks B. is spoked C. is speaked D. is spoken

26. Would you like ...... with me?

A. to dance B. dance C. dancing D. danced

27. What does she often do ....... the evening?

A. at B. on C. in D. for

28. My parents let me ....... late on Sunday.

A. get B. to getting C. to get up D. get up

29. ....... lecturer often gives ....... lessons.

A. boring/ bored B. bored/ boring C. bored/ bored D. boring/ boring

30. It isn't easy to start looking for a/ an ....... at my age.

A. work B. job C. occupation D. unemployment

31. He comes from Wellington. He speaks .......

A. Russian B. French C. English D. Spanish

32. Now I am frightened ....... applying for a job.

A. of B. on C. with D. for

33. Who bought this dictionary ....... you?

A. to B. for C. at D. with

34. What is hardly ....... to Anglo- Saxon?

A. recognize B. recognizing C. recognizable D. to recognize

35. He doesn't teach mathematics, he teaches politics. He's a .......

A. writer B. philosopher C. politician D. physicist

36. Do you know who ....... radio?

A. made B. did C. invented D. produced

37. Gravity is the force of the earth to ....... everything towards its centre.

A. attract B. push C. float D. fall

38. He had a father whose hard work could ....... feed the family.

A. hard B. hardly C. harder D. harden

39. He used to run faster than he ....... now.

A. is B. used to C. does D. do

40. I'd like to stay at home instead of ...... to the cinema.

A. go B. went C. to go D. going

II- Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in the gaps:

Alice is 18 years old and she comes (41) England. She is now in Hanoi and (42) Vietnamese. She came to Hanoi (43) July so she (44) there for six months. Alice (45) she likes Hanoi very much. She likes (46) shopping and cycling around the town. (47) month she will go to Ho Chi Minh city (48) a friend of (49). Alice hopes she (50) many letters from England.

41. A. from B. in C. to D. back

42. A. studies B. studying C. will be studying D. is studying

43. A. on B. at C. in D. for

44. A. is B. has been C. will D. was

45. A. says B. tells C. speaks D. shouts

46. A. to go B. going C. go D. went

47. A. next B. last C. this D. that

48. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. will meet

49. A. she B. hers C. her D. me

50. A. receive B. would receive C. is received D. will receive

III. Phonetics

51. A. sugar B. sight C. source D. sale

52. A. sensitive B. benefit C. pretty D. remedy

53. A. host B. cold C. short D. close

54. A. thirsty B. guitar C. dirty D. listen

55. A. safe B. map C. bag D. hat

IV.Identify the mistakes

56. If I was in your place, I would make a trip to England.

A B C D

57. I bought a computer which screen was not very good.

A B C D

58. Physics are very difficult for students to learn.

A B C D

59. The harder you learn, the most knowledge you get.

A B C D

60. Mary's mother gave her a new hat at her birthday.

A B C D

26. My wedding ring _______ yellow and white gold. A. is made B. is making C. made D. make 27. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend. A. known B. knew C. is known D. know 28. References _______ in the examination room. A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used 29. Laura _______ in Boston. A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born 30. His car needs ________. A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed 31. Her watch needs _______. A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B 32. My mother is going _____ this house. A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell 33. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______. A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following 34. Have you _______ by a dog? A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit 35. The room is being _______ at the moment. A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean 36. It _______ that the strike will end soon. A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected 37. It is _______ that many people are homeless after the floods. A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting 38. He was said _______ this building. A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed 39. Ted _______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung 40. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play. A. got used B. used C. get used D. get use 41. I’ll get Minh _______ this for you. A. do B. done C. did D. to do 42. Those letters _______ now. You can do the typing later. A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn't typing 43. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_______ especially for me by a French tailor.” A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made 44. Somebody cleans the room every day. A. The room everyday is cleaned. B. The room is every day cleaned. C. The room is cleaned every day. D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day. 45. People don’t use this road very often. A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not used. C. This road very often is not used. D. This road not very often is used. 46. How do people learn languages? A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people? C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how? 47. Tom bought that book yesterday. A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday. B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom. C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom D. That book was bought yesterday. 48. The new computer system _______ next month. A. is be installed B. is being installed by people C. is been installed D. is being installed 49. Traffic rules____________ strictly. A. followed B. must followed C. must be followed D. must follow 50. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______. A. were built/were built B. are built/were built C. are building/were built D. were built/were built

Choose the correct answer.

1. This is the second time I _____________that song.

A. am hearing B. have heard C. hear D. heard

2. Hello, I___________ about your advertisement in the newspaper.

A. Have been calling B. am calling C. call D. have called

3. John___________ on a bit of weight lately, and he is trying to lose it.

A. Puts B. is putting C. has put D. has been putting

4. The new neighbors_________ their house. It looks nice.

A. Paint B. had painted C. were painting D. have painted

5. Fred__________ me yesterday that they're professional athletes.

A. Told B. has told C. was telling D. had told

6. Apparently, he_________ them since he was a child.

A. Knows B. is knowing C. has known D. has been knowing

7. I__________ for my sunglasses since noon, but I can't find them.

A. Am looking B. looked C. have looked D. have been looking

8. When the children_________home, it was obvious that they had been playing in mud.

A. Arrived B. were arriving C. had arrived D. had been arriving

9. Michael___________in the queue to buy a ticket for the train when he heard a strange voice.

A. Waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. was going to wait

10. The thieves_______ houses for two years before they were finally caught.

A. Broke into B. were breaking into C. had been breaking into D. have been breaking into

11. As time goes by, he__________more and more eccentric.

A. Becomes B. is becoming C. has become D. has been becoming

12. Kathy can't go shopping with me next Saturday morning. She_________a French lesson.

A. Has B. is going to have C. will have D. will be having

13. I__________ the living room by the time Dad comes home. He__________ so surprised.

A. Will paint/will be B. will be painting/is C. will have painted/will be D. will have painted/is

14. It's the coldest winter we__________ in Greece.

A. Ever experience B. ever experienced C. were ever experiencing D. have ever experienced

15. When he___________ was younger, he the cinema every week.

A. Was used to going B. used to go C. was going D. had gone

16. They________for a mile when they___________that someone___________missing.

A. Had walked/ had realized/ was B. had been walking/ realized/ had been

C. had been walking/ realized/ was D. had walked/ had realized/ had been

17. As part of my job, I_________ abroad a lot, so I_______ to improve my English.

A. Travel/ need B. am travelling/ need C. am travelling/ am needing D. travel/ am needing

18. I_________ at my mother's house this week because I__________ my house painted.

A. Sleep/ have B. am sleeping/ have C. sleep/ am having D. am sleeping/ am having

19. I you should buy him a tie. He___________to dress formally.

A. Am thinking/ likes B. think/likes C. think/ is liking D. am thinking/ has liked

20. As a teenager, I_________ things my parents__________ of.

A. Would do/ didn't approve B. used to do/ weren't approving

C. used to do/ didn't approve D. would do/ weren't approving

21. "Hurry up! We're waiting for you. What's taking you so long?"

"I________ for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me."

A. Wait B. will wait C. am waiting D. have waited

22. Robert is going to be famous some day. He_________in three movies already. ~ I'm sure he'll be a star.

A. Has been appearing B. had appeared C. has appeared D. appeared

23. Where's Polly? ~She_________.

A. Is in her room studying B. in her room is studying

C. studies in her room D. has in her room studied

24. Hello? Alice? This is Jeff. How are you? ~ Jeff? What a coincidence! I_________ about you when the phone rang.

A. Was just thinking B. just thought C. have just been thinking D. was just thought

25. What___________ about the new simplified tax? ~It's more confusing than the old one.

A. Are you thinking B. do you think C. have you thought D. have you been thinking

26. When is Mr. Fields planning to retire? ~ Soon, I think. He________ here for a long time. He'll probably retire next year or the year after that.

A. Worked B. had been working C. has been working D. is working

27. Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate? ~ I_________a delicious dessert for dinner tonight.

A. Make B. will make C. am going to make D. will have made

28. Let's go! What's taking you so long? ~ I'll be there as soon as I__________my keys.

A. Found B. will find C. find D. am finding

29. Next week when there______ a full moon, the ocean tides sill be higher.

A. Is being B. is C. will be D. will have been

30. While I______TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.

A. Watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching

31. Fish were among the earliest forms of life. Fish__________ on earth for ages and ages.

A. Existed B. are existing C. exist D. have existed

32. The phone ________constantly since Jack announced his candidacy for president this morning.

A. Has been ringing B. rang C. had rung D. had been ringing

33. The earth_________on the sun for its heat and light.

A. Is depend B. depending C. has depended D. depends

34. I don't feel good. I________ home from work tomorrow.

A. Am staying B. stay C. will have stayed D. stayed

35. Today there are weather satellites that beam down information about the earth's atmosphere. In the last two decades, space exploration_________ great contributions to weather forecasting.

A. Is making B. has made C. made D. makes

36. On July 20th, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong_________ down onto the moon, the first person ever to set foot on another celestial body.

A. Was stepping B. stepped C. has stepped D. was step

37. The plane's departure was delayed because of mechanical difficulties. When the weary passengers finally boarded the aircraft, many were annoyed and irritable because they___________ in the airport for three and a half hours.

A. Are waiting B. were waiting C. have been waiting D. had been waiting

38. If coastal erosion continues to take place at the present rate in another fifty years, this beach_______anymore.

A. Doesn't exist B. isn't going to exist C. isn't existing D. won't be existing

39. Homestead High School's football team_______a championship until last season, when the new coach led them to take first place in their league.

A. Has never won B. is never winning C. had never been winning D. had never won

40. To be able to qualify as an interpreter, many years of intensive language study are required for non-native speakers. By the end of this year, Chen________English for three years, but he will still need more training and experience before he masters the language.

A. Will be studying B. has studied C. will have been studying D. has been studying

41. In our hospital, patients________ every morning.

A. Are examined B. have examined C. can examine D. were examining

42. I_________ in Can Tho for 18 years, but now I'm living in Ho Chi Minh city.

A. Have lived B. live C. lived D. have been living

43. I wondered why he_________ his job.

A. Has changed B. changes C. used to change D. had changed

44. The department store__________ by the Johnson for many years.

A. Has been run B. is run C. runs D. has run

45. Kate________ 10 comedies this summer.

A. Has watched B. had watched C. will have watched D. watched

46. The number of footballers________ for the last ten years.

A. Has increased B. was increasing C. have increased D. were increasing

47. Don't worry! We_______for you at 6 o'clock tomorrow.

A. Will wait B. will be waiting C. wait D. are waiting

48. Mary__________the country by the time this letter reaches her.

A. Is going to leave B. will leave C. is leaving D. will have left

49. By this time next year, my father________here for 25 years.

A. Are going to work B. will be working C. will have been working D. will work

50. Tim_________in three movies already. I think he'll be a star some day.

A. Had appeared B. has appeared C. was appearing D. is appearing

51. They_________the door. No one can get in now.

A. Have locked B. had locked C. locked D. lock

52. The existence of many stars in the sky__________ us to suspect that there may be life on another planet.

A. Have led B. leads C. lead D. leading

53. They___________ the town hall for the past three years in fact, but they it yet.

A. Built/ hadn't finished B. had built/ didn't finish

C. have been building/ haven't finished D. have built/ weren't finishing

54. When I met Jim, he__________ from his university already.

A. Graduated B. has graduated C. had graduated D. was graduating

1. My house ___________ in 1986

A. is built B. was building C. was built D. has been built

2. The doctor __________ me not to stay up late at night

A. advise B. suggested C. insisted D. forced

3. Tomorrow we’ll go to Noi Bai Airport to meet Maryam, ___________comes from Malaysia

A. who B. whom C. whose D. that

4. His house looks very large and beautiful. It is ___________ house

A. a seven-room B. a seven-rooms C. seven room D. seven room

5. If you get up early, you _________ late

A. weren’t B. wouldn’t be C. aren’t D. won’t be

6. It’s very hot today. I wish I ___________ on the beach now

A. am B. was C. were D. had been

7. When he lived in the city, he _________ to the theater twice a week

A. uses to go B. has gone C. used to go D. was going

8. My father asked us ___________ too much time playing computer games

A. not to spending B. did not spend C. not to spend D. to not spend

9. Hoai can not remember the name of the restaurant __________ she ate her favourite roasted duck

A. which B. whose C. whom D. where

10. If I were a flower, I ____________ a sunflower

A. was B. were C. will be D. would be

11. Nobody went to the party, _______?

A. does he B. do they C. didn’t they D. did they

12. It is nearly 3 months _________ he visited his parents

A. while B. during C. since D. when

13. ___________ population is another unpleasant result we have to solve

A. Increased B. Increasing C. The increase D. To increase

14. If we __________ enough time, we’ll study this exercise more carefully

A. will have B. have C. had D. would have

15. What would you do, if you ___________ a UFO?

A. see B. saw C. would see D. had seen

1.The washing instructions for this shirt are given in the...........?

a.label b.badge c.notice d.mark

2. We have lived in this city.........1999.

a.for b.since c.ago d.in

3 ....... french with native people yet?

a.did you learn b.were you learning c.do you learn d.have you learnt

4. is this the second time you......a car?

a.drive b.drove c.have driven d.are driving

5.david..........in london.

a.is born b.will born c.born d.was born

6. when..........? in1980is

a.the church built b.was the church built c.did the church build d.has the church been built

7. No one knows why the man.........

a.killed b.kills c.is killed d. was killed

8.The students....to smoke

a. don't allow b.are allowed c.doesn't allow d.aren't allowed

9.vietnam.........into three regions: the north, the center and the south.

a.divides b.divided c.is divided d.are divided

10. milions off books..........out of this bookstore every year

a.sell b. was sold c have sold d.sold

11. no decision.........until now. fa

a.is made b.was made c. is being made d.has been made

12. the washing machine...........for over ten years

a.is used b.has been used c was used d. is being used

13.the famous picture...........carefully by the security guards

a.keeps b. has been kept c.is keeping d.kept

14. my mother asked me to clean the house, it had to...........before my mother came home.

a.clean b.is cleaned c. be clean d.be cleaned

15. the report must..........right now

a.be finished b.is finished c.finish d.be finish

16.smoking...........in public

a.should prohibit b.is prohibit c. prohibits d.should be prohibited