Tu de bai suy ra 2y+2x=xy<=>...<=>y(2-x)= -2x<=>y=2x/(x-2)<=>y=(2x-4+4)/(x-2)<=>y=2+4/(x-2)

vi x la so nguyen Dưỡng nen x-2 la so nguyen  duong va la ước cua 4 => x-2 =1 hoặc x-2= 4 => x=3 hoac x=6 

Voi x=3 => y= 6

voi x=6=> y=3

vay cac cap so nguyen duong (x;y) can tim la (3;6); (6;3)

.....

Sau khi chi ra x-2 la uoc nguyen duong cua 4

 Co 3  Truong hop

x-2 =1; x-2=2;x-2=4

Tu do tinh duoc x=3;x=4;x=6. Suy ra cac gia tri tuong ung cua y

co 3 cap so nguyen duong x, y can Tim:(3;6);(4 ;4);(6;3)

Bài 1:

xy+2x-3y=1

=>x(y+2)-3y-6=1-6

=>x(y+2)-3(y+2)=-5

=>(x-3)(y+2)=-5

=>(x-3;y+2)∈{(1;-5);(-5;1);(-1;5);(5;-1)}

=>(x;y)∈{(4;-7);(-2;-1);(2;3);(8;-3)}

Bài 1:

xy+2x-3y=1

=>x(y+2)-3y-6=1-6

=>x(y+2)-3(y+2)=-5

=>(x-3)(y+2)=-5

=>(x-3;y+2)∈{(1;-5);(-5;1);(-1;5);(5;-1)}

=>(x;y)∈{(4;-7);(-2;-1);(2;3);(8;-3)}

Bài 1 : 

Phương trình <=> 2^x . x² = ( 3y + 1 ) ² + 15

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y+1\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\\15\equiv0\left(mod3\right)\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(3y+1\right)^2+15\equiv1\left(mod3\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x.x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)

( Vì số  chính phương chia 3 dư 0 hoặc 1 ) 

\(\Rightarrow2^x\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x\equiv2k\left(k\inℕ\right)\)

Vậy \(2^{2k}.\left(2k\right)^2-\left(3y+1\right)^2=15\Leftrightarrow\left(2^k.2.k-3y-1\right).\left(2^k.2k+3y+1\right)=15\)

Vì y ,k \(\inℕ\)nên 2^k . 2k + 3y + 1 > 2^k .2k - 3y-1>0

Vậy ta có các trường hợp: 

\(+\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=1\\2k.2k+3y+1=15\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=8\\3y+1=7\end{cases}\Rightarrow}k\notinℕ\left(L\right)}\)

\(+,\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=3\\2k.2k+3y+1=5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=4\\3y+1=1\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}k=1\\y=0\end{cases}\left(TM\right)}}\)

Vậy ( x ; y ) =( 2 ; 0 ) 

Bài 3: 

Giả sử \(5^p-2^p=a^m\)    \(\left(a;m\inℕ,a,m\ge2\right)\)

Với \(p=2\Rightarrow a^m=21\left(l\right)\)

Với \(p=3\Rightarrow a^m=117\left(l\right)\)

Với \(p>3\)nên p lẻ, ta có

\(5^p-2^p=3\left(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\right)\Rightarrow5^p-2^p=3^k\left(1\right)\)    \(\left(k\inℕ,k\ge2\right)\)

Mà \(5\equiv2\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow5^x.2^{p-1-x}\equiv2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right),x=\overline{1,p-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\equiv p.2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right)\)

Vì p và \(2^{p-1}\)không chia hết cho 3 nên \(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}⋮̸3\)

Do đó: \(5^p-2^p\ne3^k\), mâu thuẫn với (1). Suy ra giả sử là điều vô lý

\(\rightarrowĐPCM\)

a) \(6xy+4x-9y-7=0\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+2\right)-9y-6-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+x\right)-3.\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right).\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

Mà \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow2x-3;3y+2\in Z\)

Tự làm típ

\(A=x^3+y^3+xy\)

\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xy\)

\(A=x^2-xy+y^2+xy\)( vì \(x+y=1\))

\(A=x^2+y^2\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiakovxky ta có :

\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x\cdot1+y\cdot1\right)^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Hay \(x^3+y^3+xy\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

4:

(x+1)(y-2)=5

=>\(\left(x+1;y-2\right)\in\left\{\left(1;5\right);\left(5;1\right);\left(-1;-5\right);\left(-5;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;7\right);\left(4;3\right);\left(-2;-3\right);\left(-6;1\right)\right\}\)

1×1=3