ELON MUSK

Elon Musk, one of the richest people in the world with about $14 billion, was born on June 28, 1971 in the city of Pretoria, in South Africa. His father is South African, but his mother is from Canada (Elon is now a U.S citizen). Elon was always very interested in computers, and when he was only 12 years old he created a video game called Blastar and sold it for $500.

Elon left South Africa for Canada, where in 1989 he began studying at Queen's University in Ontario. After two years, he decided to change to the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. At the age of 24, he graduated with bachelor degrees in physics and economics. After leaving university, still in his twenties, Elon Musk helped to create the PayPal company. He later went on to create several other companies.

Elon Musk’s three biggest companies are SpaceX, Tesla and Solar City. SpaceX makes rockets, with which Elon Musk is making plans for human to travel to Mars where, he hopes, people will soon live. Tesla is a car company that is different from most car companies because it sells electric cars. Solar City, which makes and sells solar panels, is the second largest solar power company in the United States.

33. When was Elon Musk born?

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34. When did Elon begin studying at the University of Pennsylvania?

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35. What exactly does Tesla sell?

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36. What does Solar City produce?

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Read the passage. Then read each question and choose the correct answer.

A    It seems every day that Elon Musk makes headline news. The inventor, engineer, and entrepreneur is involved with several innovative projects: Tesla electric cars, OpenAI artificial intelligence, Hyperloop high-speed transportation systems, supersonic jet aircraft, and SolarCity. But Musk's most noteworthy project is SpaceX which is dedicated to advancing rocket and spacecraft technology with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining settlement on Mars.

B   Space Exploration Technologies - better known by its nickname SpaceX - was started in 2002 with the long term goal of establishing "a spacefaring civilization." Musk is making a comparison with the seafaring that characterized the Age of Exploration from the late 1400s to the 1700s. During that period, Europeans explored parts of the world that had previously been unknown. The exploration led to settlements, trade, and exchanges between all parts of the world. Recently, Musk said, "The future of humanity is fundamentally going to bifurcate along one of two directions: Either we're going to become a multiplanet species and a spacefaring civilization, or we're going to be stuck on one planet until some eventual extinction event."¹

C  Musk is not exactly sure what might wipe out humans on planet Earth, but some ideas are an asteroid, a super volcano eruption, a virus or even catastrophic global warming. But aside from the threats, he is eager to move into space, not only to explore it but also to establish a human colony on Mars.

D  Around 2002, Musk saw flaws in the existing space program which was based on the space shuttle and expensive rockets that could only be used once. He was determined to design and create reusable rockets that make space exploration much less expensive. By 2015, SpaceX had developed and tested the first rocket booster that was able to land and be used again. NASA, the US national space agency, gave SpaceX contracts to transport crew and cargo to the International Space Station (ISS) after they retired the space shuttle.

E  In September 2016, Musk announced his plans to send the first people to Mars by 2025. After that, large numbers of people would become settlers, but they would need to be supplied with everything necessary for life. Musk says, "What really matters is being able to send a large number of people, like tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of people, and ultimately millions of tons of cargo."² That's why he thinks reusable rockets are so important.

F   Establishing a colony on Mars has many challenges. First is the need to fuel the spacecraft from the sun's energy outside Earth's atmosphere. There are problems transporting all the supplies needed to sustain life including air, food, and water. Landing a spacecraft on Mars gently would be tricky. Then there are the human problems. Research on astronauts at the ISS has shown that living for a long time in a weightless situation causes bone loss, vision problems, and perhaps psychological changes. Lastly, there's no quick trip back to Earth in emergencies.

G   Experts in space technology have had mixed reactions to Musk's plan. Some see the program as too ambitious or are concerned about the schedule. Others acknowledge the need for space exploration and settlement and admire Musk's vision. Kenny Todd, an operations manager for NASA's Johnson Space Center, put it this way: "You gotta start somewhere. You gotta start with dreaming," Todd said, "And sometime in there, things become actual."³

¹ Source of quote: Elon Musk: A Million Humans Could Live on Mars By the 2060s by Nadia Drake (news.nationalgeographic.com)

^{2, 3} Source of quotes: Mars: Inside the High-Risk, High-Stakes Race to the Red Planet by Joel Achenbach (nationalgeographic.com)

23. What is the best title for the entire reading?

24. Why are Musk's many ideas mentioned in Paragraph A?

25. What is the purpose of the quote in Paragraph B?

26. In the quote in Paragraph B, Musk uses the word bifurcate. What does it mean?

27. According to the passage, what is the main advantage of reusable rockets?

28. Which idea can you infer from Paragraph F?

29. Based on Todd's quote in Paragraph G, which statement would he agree with?

I. ĐỌC HIỂU (3.0 điểm)

Đọc đoạn trích sau và thực hiện các yêu cầu:

          Thành công và thất bại chỉ đơn thuần là những điểm mốc nối tiếp nhau trong cuộc sống để tôi luyện nên sự trưởng thành của con người. Thất bại giúp con người đúc kết được kinh nghiệm để vươn tới chiến thắng và khiến những thành công đạt được thêm phần ý nghĩa. Không có ai luôn thành công hay thất bại, tuyệt đối thông minh hay dại khờ, tất cả đều phụ thuộc vào nhận thức, tư duy tích cực hay tiêu cực của mỗi người. Như chính trị gia người Anh, Sir Winston Churchill, từng nói: “Người bị quan nhìn thấy khó khăn trong mỗi cơ hội, còn người lạc quan nhìn thấy cơ hội trong mỗi khó khăn”. Sẽ có những người bị ám ảnh bởi thất bại, bị chúng bủa vây, che lấp những cơ hội dẫn tới thành công. Tuy nhiên, đừng sa vào vũng lầy bi quan đó, thất bại là một lẽ tự nhiên và là một phần tất yếu của cuộc sống. Đó là một điều bạn không thể tránh khỏi, nếu không muốn nói thực sự là trải nghiệm mà bạn nên có trong đời. Vì vậy, hãy thất bại một cách tích cực.

(Trích Thành công và thất bại, internet)

Câu 1: Xác định phương thức biểu đạt chính của đoạn trích.

Câu 2: Theo tác giả, thất bại sẽ giúp con người nhận thức được những điều gì?

Câu 3: Anh/chị hiểu như thế nào về lời khuyên “Hãy thất bại một cách tích cực.”

Câu 4: Điều anh/chị tâm đắc nhất qua đoạn trích là gì?

Read each main idea and then quickly skim the reading passage to find the paragraph it describes. Write the letter of the paragraph in the space.

A   It seems every day that Elon Musk makes headline news. The inventor, engineer, and entrepreneur is involved with several innovative projects: Tesla electric cars, OpenAI artificial intelligence, Hyperloop high-speed transportation systems, supersonic jet aircraft, and SolarCity. But Musk's most noteworthy project is SpaceX which is dedicated to advancing rocket and spacecraft technology with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining settlement on Mars.

B   Space Exploration Technologies - better known by its nickname SpaceX - was started in 2002 with the long term goal of establishing "a spacefaring civilization." Musk is making a comparison with the seafaring that characterized the Age of Exploration from the late 1400s to the 1700s. During that period, Europeans explored parts of the world that had previously been unknown. The exploration led to settlements, trade, and exchanges between all parts of the world. Recently, Musk said, "The future of humanity is fundamentally going to bifurcate along one of two directions: Either we're going to become a multiplanet species and a spacefaring civilization, or we're going to be stuck on one planet until some eventual extinction event."¹

C   Musk is not exactly sure what might wipe out humans on planet Earth, but some ideas are an asteroid, a super volcano eruption, a virus or even catastrophic global warming. But aside from the threats, he is eager to move into space, not only to explore it but also to establish a human colony on Mars.

D   Around 2002, Musk saw flaws in the existing space program which was based on the space shuttle and expensive rockets that could only be used once. He was determined to design and create reusable rockets that make space exploration much less expensive. By 2015, SpaceX had developed and tested the first rocket booster that was able to land and be used again. NASA, the US national space agency, gave SpaceX contracts to transport crew and cargo to the International Space Station (ISS) after they retired the space shuttle.

E   In September 2016, Musk announced his plans to send the first people to Mars by 2025. After that, large numbers of people would become settlers, but they would need to be supplied with everything necessary for life. Musk says, "What really matters is being able to send a large number of people, like tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of people, and ultimately millions of tons of cargo."² That's why he thinks reusable rockets are so important.

F   Establishing a colony on Mars has many challenges. First is the need to fuel the spacecraft from the sun's energy outside Earth's atmosphere. There are problems transporting all the supplies needed to sustain life including air, food, and water. Landing a spacecraft on Mars gently would be tricky. Then there are the human problems. Research on astronauts at the ISS has shown that living for a long time in a weightless situation causes bone loss, vision problems, and perhaps psychological changes. Lastly, there's no quick trip back to Earth in emergencies.

G    Experts in space technology have had mixed reactions to Musk's plan. Some see the program as too ambitious or are concerned about the schedule. Others acknowledge the need for space exploration and settlement and admire Musk's vision. Kenny Todd, an operations manager for NASA's Johnson Space Center, put it this way: "You gotta start somewhere. You gotta start with dreaming," Todd said, "And sometime in there, things become actual."³

¹ Source of quote: Elon Musk: A Million Humans Could Live on Mars By the 2060s by Nadia Drake (news.nationalgeographic.com)

^2, 3 Source of quotes: Mars: Inside the High-Risk, High-Stakes Race to the Red Planet by Joel Achenbach (nationalgeographic.com)

30.       A comparison between past and future exploration

31.       Difficulties associated with settlement on Mars

32.       Information about Musk's other roles and projects

33.       Reasons why SpaceX developed reusable rockets

34.       An idea of how many people would be involved in settling on Mars

1.Elon Musk is intelligent. Everyone admires him. (so)
→
2.It's not warm enough for our children to go camping. (too)
->
3.The bench is too small for all of US to sit on. (enough)
->
4. They booked a flight to Chicago at 2 p.m.. They want be there at 5 a.m. tomorrow.(
so that)
→
5. She went to the supermarket. She wanted to buy some vegetables.( to)
→
6. I sent an e-mail to the lecturer so as to make an appointment with him. (so that)
→
7. We ordered some pizzas so that we wouldn't be starving while watching "Mr.
Bean". (so as)
→

bài 1:theo em,qua câu chuyện lời khuyên của bố thì người bố muốn khuyên người con điều gì

bài 2:Nếu em là người con trong bài lời khuyên của bố,sau khi đọc xong bức thư em sẽ trả lời bố như thế nào

bài 3:Các từ bố và con trong bài lời khuyên của bố thuộc từ loại nào

bài 4: gạch 1 gạch dưới chủ ngữ và gạch 2 gạch dưới vị ngữ.cho biết đó là câu đơn hay câu ghép .các vế câu được nối với nhau bằng cách nào

Khi 1 ngày họ mới bắt đầu , tất cả trẻ em trên thế giới đều cắp sách đến trường , họ vui vẻ hăng say học tập.

bài 5: hai câu: hãy cam đảm lên hỡi người chiến sĩ của đạo quân vĩ đại kia!sách vở của con là vũ khí , lớp học của con là chiến trường. liên kết với nhau bằng cách nào ? em hãy ghi câu trả lời vào dòng sau