a: \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

a: Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)

=>a=bk; c=dk

\(\frac{a}{a-b}=\frac{bk}{bk-b}=\frac{bk}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\frac{k}{k-1}\)

\(\frac{c}{c-d}=\frac{dk}{dk-d}=\frac{dk}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\frac{k}{k-1}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{a}{a-b}=\frac{c}{c-d}\)

c: \(\frac{a}{3a+b}=\frac{bk}{3bk+b}=\frac{bk}{b\left(3k+1\right)}=\frac{k}{3k+1}\)

\(\frac{c}{3c+d}=\frac{dk}{3dk+d}=\frac{dk}{d\left(3k+1\right)}=\frac{k}{3k+1}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{a}{3a+b}=\frac{c}{3c+d}\)

e: \(\frac{a\cdot b}{c\cdot d}=\frac{bk\cdot b}{dk\cdot d}=\frac{b^2k}{d^2k}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^2-b^2}{\left(dk\right)^2-d^2}=\frac{b^2\left(k^2-1\right)}{d^2\left(k^2-1\right)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\)

a. Ta có :

(b + c + d)+(a + c + d)+(a + b + d)+(a + b + c) = 3(a + b + c + d)

⇒3(a + b + c + d)=1+2+3+4=10

⇒a + b + c + d = \(\dfrac{10}{3}\)

⇒a = (a + b + c + d) - (b + c + d) =\(\dfrac{10}{3}\) - 1= \(\dfrac{7}{3}\)

Tương tự ,ta có :

b = \(\dfrac{10}{3}\) - 2= \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) ; c = \(\dfrac{10}{3}\) - 3= \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

và d = \(\dfrac{10}{3}\) - 4= \(-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Vậy các số a,b,c,d lần lượt là \(\dfrac{7}{3}\) ;\(\dfrac{4}{3}\) ;\(\dfrac{1}{3}\) và \(-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Ý b) tương tự như trên.

ý b giải khác mà

Lời giải:

Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}$

Hay $(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d})^3=\frac{a}{d}$ (đpcm)

\(\left.\begin{matrix} b^2=ac\Rightarrow \dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c} \\c^2=bd \Rightarrow \dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}\)

Áp dụng t/c của DTSBN , ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{d^3+c^3+d^3}\left(1\right)\)

Có `a^3/b^3=a/b*a/b*a/b=a/b*b/c*c/d=a/d` ( do `a/b=b/c=c/d` )`(2)

Từ `(1);(2)=>` \(\dfrac{a}{d}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\)