Topic 1: Traffic problems in my city

Traffic in my city is becoming a serious problem. There are too many motorbikes and cars on the roads, especially during rush hours. As a result, traffic jams happen almost every day. The air is also polluted by exhaust fumes. I think people should use public transport more often to reduce congestion and protect the environment.

1. Traffic problems in my city

Traffic in my city is getting worse every year. There are too many motorbikes and cars on the roads, especially during rush hours. Many streets are narrow, so traffic jams happen frequently. Some people do not obey traffic rules, which causes accidents. I think the city should improve public transport and encourage people to use buses to reduce traffic problems.

2. My favourite film

My favourite film is Titanic. It is a romantic and emotional movie about Jack and Rose. The story is very touching and the actors perform excellently. I like the beautiful scenes on the ship and the sad ending. The film teaches us about love and sacrifice. I have watched it many times, but I still feel moved every 

1. Did you watch the documentary about electric buses on TV last night?

2. Drivers should obey traffic signals to avoid accidents

• 1 Did you watch the documentary about electric buses on TV last night?
• 3 Drivers should obey traffic signals to avoid accidents.

• 1 → Although the traffic was heavy, they arrived at the airport on time.
• 2 → How about going to the cinema to watch the new action film tonight?
• 3 → Travelers should arrive early at the station before taking high-speed trains.

1.→ Although the traffic was heavy, they arrived at the airport on time

2.→ How about going to the cinema to watch the new action film tonight?

3.→ Travelers should arrive early at the station before taking high-speed trains.

Last weekend, I visited my grandparents in the countryside. The weather was cool and sunny, which made everything feel fresh and peaceful. In the morning, I helped my grandfather water the plants and feed the chickens. After that, we had a delicious homemade lunch together. In the afternoon, I rode my bike around the village and took many beautiful photos of the fields. In the evening, my family sat together and talked happily. I felt very relaxed and grateful for the wonderful time with my grandparents.

Book ( n ) sách

Sách

Dear Minh,

I’m writing to share some tips on staying safe during flood season. Before a flood, you should prepare an emergency kit with food and water. During the flood, stay updated via local news and move to higher ground immediately; never try to swim or drive through floodwaters. After the water recedes, be careful with electricity and avoid drinking tap water until it's declared safe. Stay alert and keep yourself protected!

Best,

Linh

Shopping in a supermarket offers both significant benefits and a few drawbacks. On the plus side, convenience is the biggest draw; you can find everything from fresh produce to household items under one roof, often at competitive prices. However, there are downsides. The sheer size of supermarkets often leads to impulse buying, tempting you to spend more than planned. Additionally, the long checkout lines during peak hours can be quite time-consuming and frustrating compared to small local shops.

Planting trees help reduce pollution and provide homes for many animals

The supermarket provides a wide range of products at reasonable prices

1 .Planting trees help reduce pollution and provide homes for many animals

2 . The supermarket provides a wide range of products at reasonable prices

1 It took John an hour to browse for new clothes on Lazada

2 The flood destroyed many houses; however, no one was badly injured

3 If communities don't work together, the forest won’t recover quickly

con ng có 5 từ chỉ “nói”, rồi bắt hs phân biệt từng cái như trò thử thách trí nhớ. đúng là ko để ai sống yên

• Say → nói cái gì
• Tell → nói với ai
• Talk → nói chuyện qua lại
• Speak → nói trang trọng / nói ngôn ngữ
• Chat → tám chuyện thân mật

Được luôn bạn ơi! Để mình "tự vấn" rồi tự trả lời cho bạn một cách dễ nuốt nhất nhé. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện thực chất là một cách "làm màu" (nâng cấp ngữ pháp) bằng cách bỏ chữ If đi và đưa trợ động từ lên đầu câu.

Cứ nhớ quy tắc vàng: Bỏ If, đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ.

1. Đảo ngữ loại 1: Chuyện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại/tương lai

Ở loại này, mình dùng từ Should để thay thế cho If.

• Cấu trúc gốc: If + S + V(s/es), S + will/can + V-inf
• Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V-inf, S + will/can + V-inf

Ví dụ:

• Gốc: If it rains tonight, I will stay at home.
• Đảo: Should it rain tonight, I will stay at home.
  (Lưu ý: Dù chủ ngữ là "it" thì động từ "rain" vẫn giữ nguyên mẫu vì đứng sau Should).

2. Đảo ngữ loại 2: Chuyện không có thật ở hiện tại

Loại này dùng Were làm "ngôi sao" chính.

• Trường hợp 1: Nếu trong câu có to be (Were)
• • Cấu trúc: Were + S + ..., S + would/could + V-inf
  • Ví dụ: If I were you, I would buy that car. $\rightarrow$ Were I you, I would buy that car.
• Trường hợp 2: Nếu trong câu là động từ thường
• • Cấu trúc: Were + S + to + V-inf, S + would/could + V-inf
  • Ví dụ: If I won the lottery, I would travel the world. $\rightarrow$ Were I to win the lottery, I would travel the world.

3. Đảo ngữ loại 3: Chuyện không có thật trong quá khứ

Đây là loại dễ nhất vì chỉ cần bê chữ Had ra trước là xong.

• Cấu trúc gốc: If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would have + V3/ed
• Đảo ngữ: Had + S + V3/ed, S + would have + V3/ed

Ví dụ:

• Gốc: If I had known about your "chúc Tết", I would have prepared a shield.
• Đảo: Had I known about your "chúc Tết", I would have prepared a shield.

• Cách làm: Đưa vị ngữ (động từ, tính từ) lên trước chủ ngữ.
• Ví dụ:
• • Câu bình thường: Củi mấy cành khô lạc mấy dòng.
  • Câu đảo ngữ: Lạc mấy dòng củi mấy cành khô. (Nhấn mạnh sự trôi nổi, vô định). 

• Cách làm: Đưa trợ động từ hoặc động từ "to be" lên trước chủ ngữ.
• Các trường hợp phổ biến:
• • Câu điều kiện: Had I known thay cho If I had known.
  • Với trạng từ phủ định: Never/Rarely/Seldom... đứng đầu câu.
  • Cấu trúc Only: Only after, Only then....