A =5+ 5²+5³+..................................................+5¹⁰⁰

B= 5+5³ +5⁵ +...................................................+5⁹⁹

C= 1+ \(\frac{1}{3}\) + \(\frac{1}{3^2}\) +....................................+ \(\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)

D= 1-\(\frac{1}{3}\)+ \(\frac{1}{3^2}\) - ..........................................- \(\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)+\(\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)

E=\(\frac{1}{2}\)+\(\frac{2}{2^2}\)+\(\frac{3}{2^3}\) +................................... +\(\frac{100}{2^{100}}\)

Cho a,b,c>0 và a+b+c=3. CMR: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)

Ta cần tìm m, n để bđt sau luôn đúng \(a^2\ge ma+n\) (1) 

tương tự: \(b^2\ge mb+n;c^2\ge mc+n\)

cộng 3 bđt lại ta đc: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge m\left(a+b+c\right)+3n=3m+3n\)

dự đoán cực trị xảy ra tại a=b=c=1 nên \(3m+3n=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)_{min}=3\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(n=1-m\)

thay n=1-m vào (1) : \(a^2\ge ma-m+1\)(2)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\ge m\left(a-1\right)\)

đồng nhất hệ số : \(a+1=m\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(m=a+1=1+1=2\) (dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=1)

thay m=2 vào (2) ta có bđt cần CM: \(a^2\ge2a-1\) ( với \(0< a< 3\) ) 

bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng 

do đó: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2a-1+2b-1+2c-1=2\left(a+b+c\right)-3=2.3-3=3\)

dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1

\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+..+\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)

Có \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\)                     \(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)....v........v............ \(\frac{1}{50^2}< \frac{1}{49.50}=\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}\)

Cộng lại \(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}=2-\frac{1}{50}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT< \frac{1}{2^2}\left(2-\frac{1}{50}\right)=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2.50}< \frac{1}{2}\left(Đpcm\right)\)

\(VT=a+b+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\left(a+\frac{1}{2a}\right)+\left(b+\frac{1}{2b}\right)+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}\)

để ý \(1=a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow ab\le\frac{1}{2}\)

  \(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4ab}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)

\(a+\frac{1}{2a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)

\(b+\frac{1}{2b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)

+ 3 vế  thì ta được   \(VT\ge6\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\) dấu = khi \(\frac{1}{2a}=\frac{1}{2b}....a=\frac{1}{2a}....b=\frac{1}{2b}\)

B= \(\frac{x-4x+1}{x^2}\)= 1-\(\frac{4}{x}\)+\(\frac{1}{x^2}\)

Đặt t = \(\frac{1}{x}\)=> B= 1-4t+t²= t²-4t+1 = t²-2.t.2+4-3= (t-2)²-3 \(\ge\)-3 

Min của A= -3 khi t-2= 0 => t=2 => \(\frac{1}{x}\)= 2 => x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)

D= \(\frac{x^2-2x+2000}{x^2}\)= 1-\(\frac{2x}{x^2}\)+\(\frac{2000}{x^2}\)

Đặt t= \(\frac{1}{2}\)=> D= 2000t²-2t+1 = (\(20\sqrt{5}t\))²-2.\(20\sqrt{5}t\).\(\frac{1}{20\sqrt{5}}\)+\(\left(\frac{1}{20\sqrt{5}}\right)^2\)\(-\left(\frac{1}{20\sqrt{5}}\right)^2\)+1

D= (\(20\sqrt{5}t\)-\(\frac{1}{20\sqrt{5}}\)) ²+\(\frac{1999}{2000}\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{1999}{2000}\)

Min D= \(\frac{1999}{2000}\)khi \(20\sqrt{5}t\)\(-\frac{1}{20\sqrt{5}}\)= 0 => t = \(\frac{1}{2000}\)=> \(\frac{1}{x}\)= \(\frac{1}{2000}\)=> x= 2000