Bài 1 : \(A=1+3+3^2+...+3^{31}\)

a. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^9.\left(1.3.3^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=13+3^9.13\)

\(\Rightarrow A=13.\left(1+...+3^9\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A⋮13\)

b. \(A=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^8.\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=40+...+3^8.40\)

\(\Rightarrow A=40.\left(1+...+3^8\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A⋮40\)

Bài 2:

Ta có: \(C=3+3^2+3^4+...+3^{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow C=(3+3^2+3^3+3^4)+...+(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}+3^{100})\)

\(\Rightarrow3.(1+3+3^2+3^3)+...+3^{97}.(1+3+3^2+3^3)\)

\(\Rightarrow3.40+...+3^{97}.40\)

Vì tất cả các số hạng của biểu thức C đều chia hết cho 40

\(\Rightarrow C⋮40\)

Vậy \(C⋮40\)

3B=3^1+3^2+3^3+.....+3^119+3^120

3B-B=(3^1+3^2+3^3+.....+3^119+3^120)-(1+3^1+3^2+3^3+.....+3^119)

2B=3^120-1

B=3^120-1/2

\(B=1+3^1+3^2+...+3^{118}+3^{119}\)

\(3B=3+3^2+3^3+..+3^{120}\)

\(3B-B=\left(3+3^2+...+3^{120}\right)-\left(1+3+3^2+...+3^{119}\right)\)

\(2B=1+3^{120}\)

a) M =1+3+3²+3³+......+3¹¹⁸+3¹¹⁹
M = ( 1+3+3² ) +...+ ( 3¹¹⁷ + 3¹¹⁸+3¹¹⁹ )
M = 1. ( 1+3+3² ) + ... + 3¹¹⁷ . ( 3¹¹⁷ + 3¹¹⁸+3¹¹⁹ )
M = ( 1+3+3² ) .( 1 + ... + 3¹¹⁷ )
M = 13 . ( 1 + ... + 3¹¹⁷ ) \(⋮\) 13 (đpcm )

b) Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{2009^2}< \dfrac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2010^2}< \dfrac{1}{2009.2010}\)

=> \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2009^2}+\dfrac{1}{2010^2}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2008.2009}+\dfrac{1}{2009.2010}\) (1)
Biến đổi vế trái:
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2008.2009}+\dfrac{1}{2009.2010}\)

= \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}+\dfrac{1}{2009}-\dfrac{1}{2010}\)
= \(1-\dfrac{1}{2010}\)
= \(\dfrac{2009}{2010}< 1\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2), suy ra :
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2009^2}+\dfrac{1}{2010^2}\) < 1 hay:
N < 1

M=1+3+3^2+......+3^117+3^118+3^119

M=3^0+3^1+3^2+......+3^117+3^118+3^119

M có số hạng là:

(119-0):1+1=120(số)

Vì 120 chia hết cho 3 nên ta chia dãy số M thành các nhóm,mỗi nhóm có 3 số hạng

Ta có:M=3^0+3^1+3^2+......+3^117+3^118+3^119

M=(3^0+3^1+3^2)+......+(3^117+3^118+3^119)

M=3^0.(1+3+3^2)+.......+3^117.(1+3+3^2)

M=3^0.13+......+3^117.13

M=13.(3^0+.....+3^117)

=>M chia hết cho 13

Đầu bài sai rồi bạn ơi vì tất cả các số sau số 1 đều chia hết cho 3 mà 1 chia 3 dư 1 nên M chia 3 dư 1

a) ta có: \(M=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{119}\)

             \(M=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^{117}+3^{118}+3^{119}\right)\)

             \(M=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^3.\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{117}.\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)

             \(M=\left(1+3+3^2\right).\left(1+3^3+...+3^{117}\right)\)

            \(M=13.\left(1+3^3+...+3^{117}\right)⋮13\left(đpcm\right)\)

b) ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3};...;\frac{1}{2010^2}< \frac{1}{2009.2010}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2010^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2009.2010}\)

                                                            \(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2009}-\frac{1}{2010}\)

                                                             \(=1-\frac{1}{2010}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow N=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2010^2}< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)

a, \(M=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^{117}+3^{118}+3^{119}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{117}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)

\(=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(1+3^3+3^6+...+3^{117}\right)\)

\(=13.\left(1+3^3+...+3^{117}\right)⋮13\)

b, \(N=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+...+\frac{1}{2010.2010}\)

\(< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2009.2010}\)

\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2009}-\frac{1}{2010}\)

\(=1-\frac{1}{2010}=\frac{2009}{2010}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow N< 1\)

S=1/1-1/4+1/4-1/7+.........+1/N-1/N+1

=1/1-(1/4-1/4)+...............+(1/N-1/N)-1/N+1

=1-1/N+1

->S<1

NHA!

\(S=\frac{3}{1.4}+\frac{3}{4.7}+\frac{3}{7.10}+...+\frac{3}{n\left(n+3\right)}\)

=>\(S=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{10}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+3}\)

=>\(S=1-\frac{1}{n+3}< 1\)

Vậy S<1 (đpcm)

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