Read the essay and match the parts with the suitable functions.

(1) Clean air is very important for our health, but today air pollution is a serious environmental problem in many cities.

(2) Air pollution is caused mainly by cars, factories, and power stations. When people burn fuel, it creates dirty gases that go into the air. These gases make the air unsafe to breathe and can cause health problems such as coughing, asthma, and heart disease. Air pollution also harms animals and plants and can damage buildings. In big cities, many people cannot see the sky clearly because of thick smog.

(3) One solution is to use public transport more often. If people take buses or trains instead of cars, there will be fewer dirty gases in the air. Another solution is to use clean energy, such as wind or solar power. Governments should also make stricter laws to control pollution from factories.

(4) It is important to reduce air pollution because everyone needs clean air to live. If we do not act now, air pollution will become worse in the future. By making small changes in our daily lives, we can help protect the air and our health.

Match the effects to the suitable solutions to address deforestation.

Match the effects to the suitable solutions to address loss of wildlife.

Match the effects to the suitable solutions to address factory waste.

Match the effects to the suitable solutions to address overusing chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

When / there / be / no trees, / the soil / become / dry / can easily / wash away.

Trees / take in / carbon dioxide, / so / cut / them / down / make / climate change / worse.

Deforestation / be / serious problem / because / forests / be / essential / life / Earth.

a. One big problem is the loss of biodiversity, because many plants and animals lose their homes when trees disappear.

b. This extra carbon dioxide increases greenhouse gases and makes the planet warmer and more unstable over time.

c. In addition, without tree roots to hold the ground, soil erosion happens, and rain or wind can easily carry away rich topsoil.

d. It also makes climate change worse, since trees take in carbon dioxide, but cutting and burning them releases it into the air.

e. Deforestation means cutting down large areas of forests, and it causes many serious problems for the Earth.

a. A key solution to stop deforestation is planting more trees, known as afforestation or reforestation, to replace the ones that are cut down.

b. People should try to recycle and use less paper and wood products to reduce the demand for new timber.

c. Finally, supporting local communities that live near forests can help them find other ways to make money instead of cutting down trees.

d. Governments can help by making stronger laws that protect forests and punish illegal logging activities.

e. We must also use sustainable logging practices where we only cut down certain trees and manage forests carefully so they can grow back.

a. Protecting wildlife is essential because their health is closely tied to the health of the Earth and all humans.

b. Losing wildlife has serious negative effects on our planet and on people.

c. Furthermore, the loss of diverse animals can make ecosystems less resilient to changes like climate change or disease, sometimes leading to the spread of certain pests.

d. For example, if bees disappear, it means less pollination, and then fewer plants and crops can grow, directly impacting our food supply.

e. When animal and plant species disappear, the natural balance of ecosystems is disrupted, which can harm the environment we all depend on.

a. One important solution is to protect and expand natural habitats, such as forests and wetlands, because animals need safe areas to live and reproduce.

b. Another key step is to apply stronger laws against illegal poaching and wildlife trade, which seriously endanger many species.

c. We must take immediate action to address the global problem of wildlife loss.

d. For example, stricter patrols and harsher punishments can help protect animals like the African elephant from the illegal ivory trade.

e. By combining habitat protection with firm anti-poaching actions, we can support a safer future for wildlife worldwide.

a. For instance, sometimes heavy metals from industrial waste get into the ground and then into the crops we eat, which can be dangerous for our health.

b. Factory waste can greatly harm our environment.

c. When factories dump their leftover materials and chemicals into rivers or seas, it pollutes the water and makes it unsafe for fish and other aquatic life.

d. Therefore, managing factory waste properly is very important to keep our planet clean and healthy.

e. This pollution can also spread to the soil, making the land less fertile and difficult for plants to grow.

a. Factories can greatly help the planet by reducing the amount of waste they create.

b. By choosing cleaner ingredients, factories can prevent dangerous pollution from going into the air or water.

c. Another strong solution is to use less toxic or harmful chemicals in the first place.

d. This means that instead of throwing things away, they find new ways to use the old materials, saving resources.

e. One important idea is to reuse and recycle materials within the factory's production process.

a. For example, the chemicals kill off beneficial microbes, which are tiny living things that keep the soil rich and healthy.

b. These chemicals can make the soil too acidic and lead to a lack of essential natural nutrients.

c. When the soil is poor, plants cannot grow well without using even more chemicals, starting a harmful cycle.

d. Overusing chemical fertilizers and pesticides hurts the quality of the soil over time.

e. This weakens the soil structure, making it harder for water to soak in and causing more soil to wash away.

a. Besides, some plants, like beans, put natural nutrients back into the soil, so less chemical fertilizer is needed.

b. This method makes the soil strong and healthy without harmful products. It is a simple and old farming trick.

c. Farmers can stop using so many chemicals by changing the crops they plant each year.

d. When farmers rotate crops, it naturally helps to stop pests and diseases from building up in the soil.

e. This is called crop rotation, and it means not planting the same crop in the same field every time.

Hi Jacob,

How are you? I wanted to share something interesting I learned on World Environment Day last week!

a. The theme was about land restoration, fighting desertification, and building drought resilience. I didn't know how serious the situation is globally!

b. I'm now thinking about planting a small tree in my garden! It made me realize we all need to do a little bit to protect our planet.

c. We learned that simple things, like planting trees and avoiding too much chemical use, can help.

d. When soil is healthy, it helps absorb rainwater better and stops land from becoming dry and useless.

e. A key takeaway was how important soil health is.

Write back soon!

Best,

Noah

Hello everyone,

A big welcome to all our new members of the School Eco-Club!

a. Our first meeting is next Wednesday at 3:30 PM in the Library.

b. We will discuss our first project and get to know each other.

c. This includes organizing recycling drives, maintaining the school garden, and planning special projects for Earth Day.

d. Our mission is simple: to promote sustainability and protect the environment. We have lots of fun activities planned for the year!

e. We are so happy you decided to join us and help make our school and community greener.

If you have any questions before then, please feel free to ask. We look forward to meeting you!

Best wishes,

Nguyen Tam Anh

Dear Dr. Steve,

a. Many students told me they feel very inspired to make changes in their daily lives now!

b. Your presentation was very interesting and informative.

c. On behalf of the School Eco-Club and all the students, I want to sincerely thank you for speaking to us yesterday about environmental conservation.

d. We especially enjoyed learning about the practical steps we can take, like reducing our plastic use and saving water.

e. We appreciate you taking the time out of your busy schedule to share your knowledge with us. It truly helped us understand the importance of protecting our planet.

We hope to see you again soon!

Best regards,

Arah Kim

Dear Ms. Lee,

I am writing to ask about a possible science field trip for our class. We are currently studying ecology, and I think it would be very valuable to see real nature outside of the classroom.

a. I believe this practical experience would be beneficial for all the students.

b. Could we meet sometime next week to discuss potential dates and start planning this trip?

c. This would allow us to study biodiversity and observe how different plant and animal species interact with each other in their natural habitat.

d. Seeing the ecosystem in person would help us understand the complex concepts from our textbook much better.

e. I would like to suggest visiting the local nature reserve or a nearby park.

Thank you for considering my idea.

Sincerely,

Sam Tong

Dear Municipal Corporation,

I am writing to report a serious problem with illegal waste dumping at The vacant lot next to 123 Maple Street.

a. This illegal dumping is making the area look very dirty and unhealthy for residents. It is also attracting pests.

b. People are leaving large amounts of household trash, old furniture, and building debris outside of designated disposal areas.

c. I also ask that you install clearer signs or increase patrols to prevent this from happening again in the future.

d. This issue has been happening frequently over the last four months.

e. I request that you send a clean-up team immediately to remove the dumped waste.

Please let me know what action you will take to resolve this problem.

Sincerely,

Sarah Jenkins

Dear City Planning Office,

I am writing to express my concern about the continuous loss of green spaces in our city.

a. Please reconsider any plans that involve building on these important natural sites.

b. I urge you to prioritize protecting our existing parks and finding ways to create new green areas, not reduce them.

c. Green spaces, like parks and community gardens, are very important for all city residents.

d. They help to make the air cleaner and provide natural places for people to relax and exercise. These areas are vital for mental and physical health.

e. Recently, I have noticed that Willow Creek Park is being considered for development.

Thank you for reviewing my concerns.

Sincerely,

Alex Chen