1. Listen and read.

(Nghe và đọc.)

DO YOU KNOW…?

A. The United Nations (UN) was created in 1945. It is an organisation of most of the world's countries. Its main goal is world peace. It also works to reduce poverty and improve people's lives in other ways. Viet Nam joined the organisation in 1977. Since then, our country has become more active and has participated in many UN activities including peacekeeping.

B. UNICEF was formed in 1946. It works in over 190 countries to help improve health and education of children. It particularly aims to support the most disadvantaged children all over the world. UNICEF's aim in Viet Nam is to protect children and make sure they are healthy, educated and safe from harm.

C. UNDP was formed in 1965 as part of the UN. It provides technical support, expert advice and training to help people in developing countries have a better life. In Viet Nam, UNDP works closely with the government to reduce poverty and improve people's lives.

D. The WTO was formed in 1995. It is the world’s largest international economic organisation. Viet Nam became a WTO member in 2007. Since then, our economy has achieved a high growth level. Viet Nam has also become more attractive to foreign investors.

2. Read the text and choose the best tittle for it.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn tiêu đề hay nhất.)

a. Environmental problems: What are they?

b. Environmental protection: How important is it?

c. Environmental solutions: How practical are they?

The environment we live in is facing many serious problems. We need to be aware of these problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

A. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It is one of the biggest issues facing humans today. It can have serious consequences such as rising sea levels, polar ice melting, and extreme weather events like floods or heatwaves.

B. Another environmental problem is the cutting and clearing of natural forests. The loss of forests can have a negative impact on the environment. It can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife in danger. It can also destroy the natural soil and lead to climate change.

C. Air pollution is also a serious problem. It is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines, or factories. When these harmful gases combine with the water in the air, they come down as rain or snow, which can damage all forms of life. In addition, this problem leads to global warming and climate change. It is also a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.

D. Around the world, the number of endangered animals is rising. Many of them disappear because of pollution and climate change. In addition, humans illegally hunt and kill animals, and catch too many fish at once. This is upsetting the natural balance of ecosystems, which can be harmful to all living and non-living things.

Some people argue that the pressures on international sportsmen and sportswomen kill the essence of sport—the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. However, the individual representing his/her country cannot afford to think about enjoying him/herself; he has to think only about winning. He/She is responsible for an entire nation’s hope, dreams and reputation.

A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world’s most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention “Argentina” to someone and chances are that he/she’ll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup “puts Argentina on the map.”

Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Years ago thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money travelling to Argentina, where the finals were played.

So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentineans really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really. But it’s nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.

53. According to the passage, the United States .

(A) has begun to give much attention to football

(B) is fond of playing football

(C) has won the football World Cup

(D) is getting sick of football

54. In the second paragraph, the word “summit” means the

(A) highest point

(B) mountain top

(C) award

(D) summary

55. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will .

(A) fail to succeed

(B) be successful

(C) lose enjoyment

(D) be irrational

56. What is the author’s attitude towards international games?

(A) Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.

(B) Nations that win the football World Cup are regarded as best in all aspects.

(C) Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.

(D) Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.

In the United States and its territories alone, there are more than 40 national parks, varying considerably in landscape and mood. Each park was chosen for its unique features, representatives of a particular region of the country. Everglades national park, for example, at the southern tip of Florida, is a huge subtropical swamp, which provides refuge for such unusual reptiles as the alligator and for thousands of varieties of birds, including the graceful pink flamingo.

In sharp contrast to the Everglades are the arid, dusty parks of the west. Mesa Verde national park in Colorado, for example, preserves the ruins of an Indian civilization which flourished in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Today, tourists can wander through the awesome cliff dwellings that the Indians carved out of the steep rock.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

a. The large number of nation parks

b. National parks as a wildlife refuge

c. The diversity of the national parks

d. The differences between Mesa Verde National Park and the Everglades

2. National parks in the US _________________.

a. are a lot different from each other

b. change a lot in landscape and mood

c. are made more interesting

d. are completely different from other parks in the world

3. Everglades National Park is ________________.

a. in the south of the United States

b. home to alligators and many varieties of birds

c. an area of land that is full of water

d. all are correct

4. The word “which” in line 10 refers to

a. Mesa Verde National Park

b. the ruins

c. Indian

d. civilization

5. Which of the following statements is false?

a. Every national park in the US has its special features

b. Everglades Park has a cold climate

c. The ruins of an Indian civilization are being preserved

d. Some of the dwellings in Mesa Verde are accessible only by ladder

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was a monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B .C . Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction makes it one of the truly wonders of the world. The thirteen- acre structure near the Nile river is a solid mass of stone blocks covered with limestone. Inside are the number of hidden passageways and the burial chamber of the Pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east and west-an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshippers and great astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical observations.

Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of timeline of events – past, present and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future generations and are currently under investigation. Many believe that pyramids have supernatural powers and this one is no exception. Some researchers even associate it with extraterrestrial beings of ancient past.

Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?

Question: In the second passage, the word ‘prophesied’ is closest in meaning to ____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was a monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B .C . Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction makes it one of the truly wonders of the world. The thirteen- acre structure near the Nile river is a solid mass of stone blocks covered with limestone. Inside are the number of hidden passageways and the burial chamber of the Pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east and west-an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshippers and great astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical observations.

Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of timeline of events – past, present and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future generations and are currently under investigation. Many believe that pyramids have supernatural powers and this one is no exception. Some researchers even associate it with extraterrestrial beings of ancient past.

Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?

Question: The word ‘feat’ in the first paragraph is closet in meaning to ____.

“Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world”. That is because the television
program can be seen in so many parts of the world.
That program became one of America’s exports soon after it was shown in New York in 1969.
In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. Although some
people do not agree to some parts of the program, parents praise it highly.
Tests have shown that children have learned much from watching “Sesame Street”. The children
who watch it five times a week learn more than those who watch it less. In the United States the
program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who
can watch it regularly.
The program uses songs, stories, jokes and pictures to give children a basic understanding of
numbers, letters and human relationships.
Why has “Sesame Street” been so much more successful than other children’s shows? Many
reasons have been suggested, such as the educational theories of its producers, the support from both
the government and businessmen, and the full use of various kinds television skills. Perhaps another
important reason is that mothers watch “Sesame Street” together with their children. This is partly
because famous film stars often appear on “Sesame Street”. But the best reason for the success of the
program may be that it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. The child finds himself
learning, and he wants to learn more.

36. The “Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world” becaue it is_________.
A. the longest street in the United States.
B. shown in many countries
C. the longest television program in the world.
D. watched regularly by six million children
37. The underlined word “praise” in the passage probably means________.
A. use to teach children
B. watch and study
C. produce and sell
D. approve and admire
38. In the United States many children can watch the program regularly because_________.
A. they needn’t go to school
B. it is shown many hours a day
C. it is shown in the evening
D. it is shown many times during the week
39. Which of the following are used in the program “Sesame Street”?
A. songs, stories, jokes and numbers
B. pictures, letters and relationships
C. songs, stories, jokes and pictures
D. numbers and human relationships
40. One of the important reasons for the success of the program is that________.
A. not only children but also their mothers like to watch it
B. many famous film stars enjoy watching it
C. it teaches educational theories
D. it is produced by the government

For Catherine Lumby, deciding to take on the role of breadwinner in her relationship was not a difficult choice. When she discovered she was pregnant with her first child, she had just been offered a demanding new role as Director of the Media and Communications department at the University of Sydney. But she didn't see this as an obstacle, and was prepared to use childcare when the children were old enough. It came, therefore, as a surprise to Lumby and her husband Derek that, after the birth of their son, they couldn’t actually bear the thought of putting him into childcare tor nine hours a day. As she was the one with the secure job, the role of primary care-giver fell to Derek, who was writing scripts for television. This arrangement continued for the next four years, with Derek working from home and caring for both of their sons. He returned to full-time work earlier this year.

Whilst Lumby and her husband are by no means the only Australians making such a role reversal, research suggests that they are in the minority. In a government-funded survey in 2001, only 5.5 percent of couples in the 30-54 year age group saw the women working either part- or full-time while the men were unemployed.

The situation is likely to change, according to the CEO of Relationships Australia, Anne Hollonds. She suggests that this is due to several reasons, including the number of highly educated women in the workforce and changing social patterns and expectations. However, she warns that for couples involved in role-switching, there are many potential difficulties to be overcome. For men whose self-esteem is connected to their jobs and the income it provides to the family, a major change of thinking is required. It also requires women to reassess, particularly with regard to domestic or child-rearing decisions, and they may have to learn to deal with the guilt of not always being there at key times for their children. Being aware of these issues can make operating in non-traditional roles a lot easier.

5. In paragraph 2, the word “reversal" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. stability B. modification C. rehearsal D. switch

London, which is the capital city of the United Kingdom, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. It has a population of about 7 million. Situated in Southern England, on the River Thames, the city covers an area of 1610 square kilometers.

London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as St. Pauls Cathedral, and the Houses of Parliament. They also come to visit its theatres, its museums and its many shops. The most famous shop is Harrods, where you can buy almost anything.

The best thing about London is the parks. There are five of them in the city centre. They cover a large area of the city, and are ideal places for people to get away from the noisy and busy city life, and relax.

36. What does the word its in the second paragraph refer to?

A. River Thames B. United Kingdoms C. Londons D. Northern Englands

37. What is the most famous shop in London?

A. Houses of Parliament B. St. Pauls Cathedral

C. Harrods D. Thames

38. How many parks are there in the city centre of London?

A. 5 B. 3 C. 10 D. 7

39. By whom was London founded?

A. The British B. The Greeks C. The Romans D. The English

40. Approximately, how many inhabitants are there in London?

A. seventeen million B. four million C. seven million D. three million

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PAPER RECYCLING

A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.

B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.

C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.

D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.

E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.

i. Process of paper recycling

ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment

iii. Collection of paper for recycling

iv. Sources of paper for recycling

v. Bad sides of paper recycling

vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper

Your answer:

1. Paragraph A .......................

2. Paragraph B .......................

3. Paragraph C .......................

4. Paragraph D .......................

5. Paragraph E .......................