Tham khảo

Tham khảo:

A B C D I K

a)

• \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\) (t/c trung điểm)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

• \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{BA}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)

\(=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BI}\)

=> B,K,I thẳng hàng

c) \(27\overrightarrow{MA}-8\overrightarrow{MB}=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)-8\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{MC}-8\overrightarrow{CB}-2015\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-1996\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1996\overrightarrow{CM}=8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)

Vậy: Dựng điểm M sao cho \(\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)

a: CI+BI=CB

=>\(\dfrac{3}{2}BI+BI=CB\)

=>\(\dfrac{5}{2}BI=CB\)

=>\(BI=\dfrac{2}{5}BC\)

=>\(CI=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot BI=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}CB=\dfrac{3}{5}CB\)

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BI}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

JB=2/5JC mà J không nằm trong đoạn thẳng BC

nên B nằm giữa J và C

=>JB+BC=JC

=>\(BC+\dfrac{2}{5}JC=JC\)

=>\(BC=\dfrac{3}{5}JC\)

\(\dfrac{JB}{BC}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{5}JC}{\dfrac{3}{5}JC}=\dfrac{2}{5}:\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

=>\(JB=\dfrac{2}{3}BC\)

\(\overrightarrow{AJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BJ}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

b:

Gọi giao điểm của AG với BC là M

G là trọng tâm của ΔABC

nên AG cắt BC tại trung điểm M của BC

=>\(AG=\dfrac{2}{3}AM\)

Xét ΔABC có AM là trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Đặt \(\overrightarrow{AG}=x\cdot\overrightarrow{AI}+y\cdot\overrightarrow{AJ}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC};\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{3}{5}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC};\overrightarrow{AJ}=\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Ta có hệ phương trình sau:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{3}=x\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}\\\dfrac{1}{3}=x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9x+25y=5\\6x-10y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}18x+50y=10\\18x-30y=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80y=-5\\6x-10y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{16}\\6x=10y+5=-\dfrac{5}{8}+5=\dfrac{35}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{16}\\x=\dfrac{35}{48}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{35}{48}\overrightarrow{AI}-\dfrac{1}{16}\overrightarrow{AJ}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CI}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)

\(=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Bài 2:

Gọi M là trung điểm của AB,N là trung điểm của CD

vecto GA+vecto GB+vecto GC+vecto GD=vecto 0

=>2 vetco GM+2 vecto GN=vecto 0

=>vecto GM+vecto GN=vecto 0

=>G là trung điểm của MN